Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

CHANGING SPACES, MAKING PLACES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - People's experiences of the place
    - - How the place positions itself in relation to other competitor places
    - - The physical environment, the built environment or features in a rural area
  - - - Big shopping centres can boost rebranding due to increased consumer spending
      - Stores such as Selfridges has bought a big boost to Birmingham
    - - Old sites can boost rebranding without having to spend a lot of money
      - The Wessex Tourist Board has based rebranding on rural regions of Dorset and Somerset to help with rebranding
    - - Can promote a place due to it being more modern and up to date
      - Places such as Covent Garden in London has boosted rebranding for the re-use of existing buildings
    - - Tourism can be boosted by art museums and galleries
      - The Guggenheim Museum and Tate Modern are prime examples of this
    - - Major sporting events such as the Olympics or a World Cup can boost rebranding
      - Bahrain is keen to establish itself on the Formula 1 scene in a bid to rebrand
    - - Places develop a reputation of high-quality food to help rebranding
      - For example, Ludlow in Shropshire is known as a 'the food town' with several specialist food shops
  - - - Culture
        
        Art galleries, museums, restaurants, cafes, architecture and public spaces all are used to promote the city as a vibrant place
        
        People such as Gaudi gave Barcelona buildings that are recognised by the UNESCO, including the Sagrada Familia
      - Business
        
        Aiming to establish itself as one of the leading centres for mobile technologies and one of the top 10 'smart' cities in the world
        
        Municipal authorities present ideas such as the 'Strategic Metropolitan Plan of Barcelona - Vision 2020' to help make the city one of the most attractive in Europe
      - Sport
        
        The 1992 Olympics was a catalyst for the rebranding as the city used the games to generate city-wide redevelopment
        
        Barcelona Football Club strengthens the confidence of the city having on the best sporting venues in the world, the Nou Camp
      - THE RAVAL
        
        1700 residential and commercial properties were knocked down and replaced with tree-lined pedestrianised space
        
        As part of the rebranding, flagship cultural buildings such as the Museum of Contemporary Art and the Contemporary Cultural Centre to boost cultural and artistic outlook
        
        Was a run down area in the centre of Barcelona which immigrants took advantage of to find informal economy around the docks
        
        Private investment has been seen with the building of the Barcelo Raval Hotel and the Casa Camper Hotel representing a significant finical commitment to the area's rebranding
    - - During industrialisation materials like cotton, cork, iron and steel were all in high demand, boosting the economy
      - Established by the Romans 2000 years ago, it has always been dense networks of streets and alleys within city walls
      - Rapid population growth in the nineteenth century rising to 1 million
      - Due to Nationalists, Barcelona's culture was suppressed and it lost its vibrant spirit
- - - - Birmingham in the industrial period was thriving with 50% of workers working in the metal factories
      - In the 1900s, new engineering industries such as the Austin car plant and the Dunlop tyre company were founded and thriving as employment rates were still keeping constant despite rapid population increase
      - Houses were packed in close to each other to maximise the space for the workers
    - - Redevelopment took place as lots of houses were destroyed during WW2, so people were redistributed to areas like Solihull and Castle Vale
      - Immigrants flooded to the area in search of low-skilled jobs that no one wanted to do anymore
      - Birmingham was caught up in the global recession of the 1970s and their traditional industries began to struggle due to a new shift in innovation
    - - More public space such as Victoria Square were developed n the city centre as well as other tourist attractions such as the Bull Ring shopping centre
      - Birmingham's transport infrastructure has also had huge investment into it to boost interconnectedness in the city, as well as external projects like HS2 and ring roads like the M6
      - Local governments have been attempting to attract investment to construct the National Exhibition Centre and the expansion of Birmingham International Airport
- - - - £85 million new manufacturing plant project invested by Japan in Newton Aycliffe
      - In addition an research and development and design department was also created making over 6000 jobs due to multiplier effect
      - This FDI helps the UK government follow the curve of the new innovations
  - - - The idea of a 24-hour city has been increasing over the last couple decades as places such as Cairo and Mumbai being cities that never sleep
      - More companies and transport routes are opening at night to accommodate for this and to not miss out on the trend
- - - - The Gini coefficient is a way to measure levels of income inequality in a country by giving it a number of 0.0 to 1.0 with 0 being equal pay for everyone and 1 being one person has it all
      - The World Bank defines absolute poverty as earning less than $1.25/day, which is the level of income where a person can just afford minimum amount of food and non-food esentials
    - - Millions end up working in the informal sector in EDCs and LIDCs which is an easy way into employment however pay is still bad
      - Unemployment or earning low wages in often a sign of social inequality as they can afford necessities
    - - In LIDCs, squatter settlements are common as people aren't able to afford suitable housing so they build where they have no legal right to
      - Housing tenure is a factor of social inequality, showing if people are able to afford suitable accommodation and what form do they pay for it
    - - The relationship between ill-health and poverty is very strong is reflected well by factors like number of doctors per 1000 people
      - Access to clean water, effective sanitation and quality and quantity of diet can also play a big part in people's health
    - - Formal education is the only factor that is measured but informal education such as doing things at home can also be taken into account
      - Contrasts in literacy levels give an indication of inequality as people who can't read and write are less likely to get a good paid job
  - - - Wealth
        
        A key factor to show this is disposable income which is the amount left over after essentials have been bought
        
        Low incomes are linked to ill-health, lower educational attainment and poor access to services
      - Access to services
        
        Access to basic services can greatly affect an area's inequality rates and worsen the side effects
        
        One of these can include access to the internet, which varies in places of rural to urban inequalities
      - Housing
        
        Houses need to be affordable for the people to buy them depending on their financial situation
        
        Homelessness is a problem in ACs while people in LIDCs and EDCs result to building illegally in slums
        
        Quality of accommodation is shown by the amount of income someone makes and is a significant influence of social inequality
      - Education
        
        Education rates in rural areas in LIDCs is very poor
        
        If people don't have good educational opportunities, inequality rates will be maintained
      - Health
        
        Areas with social inequality may not have as available accessibility to good health care services
        
        Day-to-day life in poverty can cause ill-health by poor diets, stress levels and unhealthy lifestyles