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Transfers of Thermal Energy - Coggle Diagram
Transfers of Thermal Energy
Heat Transfer by Radiation
infrared radiations
No particles needed
Travels through vacuum
Feel heat from a distance
Interaction with objects
White sand
Bright and shiny objects reflects radiation
Temperature increase less
Black sand
Dull and black objects absorbs heat well
Temperature increases more
Survival Blankets
Shiny, reflective aluminium coating
Reflects body heat back
Reduce heat loss
Healps retain warmth
travels through Electromagnetic waves
Heat Transfer by Conduction
Mechanism
When heated the particles are agitated, and they vibrate
When they become agitated, they collide with their neighbors
When colliding with their neighbors, they also transfer kinetic energy
Heat is transferred through direct contact
Particles do not move location
Conductors and Insulators
Conductors
Allow heat conduction easily
Particles are close together
e.g. Metals
Metals
They are good conductors because their particles are close together
When one particle vibrates, it collides with its neighbors, rapidly increasing the kinetic energy with an object
Insulators
Resists thermal conduction
e.g. Plastic, Air, Polystyrene
Air
Air is an insulator because of the vast distance between its particles
Due to the distance between particles, it cannot conduct heat
Heat Transfer by Convection
Definition
Thermal energy transfer through movement of particles
can only occur in fluids (liquids and gases)
Mechanism
Heating fluid particles gives the particles kinetic energy
particles move faster
move further apart
decrease in density
warm fluid rises
convection currents
e.g. Heater warming a room
radiator heats air particles, giving them kinetic energy
Once they get more kinetic energy, the hot air gets less dense
Due to them being less dense, they rise up
Thermal Energy
Definition
Internal energy
Thermal energy is the result of kinetic energy from the movement of particles
Hot VS Cold
Hot objects = faster movement of particles = more thermal energy
Cold objects = slower movement of particles = less thermal energy
Heat
Form of energy
Can be transferred through convection, conduction, radiation
Temperature
measure of how hot an object is
Related to the amount of kinetic energy particles have