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Humidification and Refrigeration System, Sai Varshini 22BCM0029 - Coggle…
Humidification and Refrigeration System
Units of Refrigeration
Tonne of refrigeration (TR): heat to melt 1 tonne of ice in 24 hours.
1 TR ≈ 210 kJ/min or 3.5 kW
Classification of Refrigerant - Chemical Composition
Halocarbons, azeotropes, oxygen/nitrogen compounds, cyclic organic compounds.
Inorganic, unsaturated, and miscellaneous compounds.
Industrially Important Primary Refrigerants
Air: early refrigerant, low COP.
Ammonia: high COP, toxic.
Carbon dioxide: non-toxic, low critical temperature.
Sulfur dioxide: corrosive, replaced by better refrigerants.
Hydrocarbons: flammable, used in low-temperature applications.
Halocarbons: R12, R13, R22, R114; ozone depletion concerns.
Green Refrigerants
Eco-friendly refrigerants with low GWP and zero ODP.
Focus on minimizing environmental impact.
Vapor Compression Refrigeration - Process
Compression: low P, low T vapor to high P, high T vapor.
Condensation: high P, high T vapor to high P, high T liquid.
Expansion: high P, high T liquid to low P, low T liquid-vapor mixture.
Evaporation: low P, low T liquid-vapor mixture to low P, low T vapor.
Water/Air Cooling in Processes
Essential for many chemical processes.
Used in compressor coolers and reactor coolers.
Application of Refrigeration
Ice manufacturing and storage.
Air conditioning (residential, industrial).
Oil refineries (wax removal).
Textile and photographic industries.
Pharmaceutical preservation (tablets, medicines, blood tissues).
Food processing and preservation.
Air Refrigeration Cycle
Components: compressor, cooler, expander, refrigerator
Uses air as a refrigerant.
Air Refrigeration Cycle - Coefficient of Performance (COP)
COP = Heat extracted / Work done.
Measures the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle.
Classification of Refrigerant - Safety
Safe: non-toxic, non-flammable (e.g., R12, CO2).
Toxic & moderately flammable (e.g., ammonia).
Highly flammable (e.g., methane, propane).
Sai Varshini 22BCM0029