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STRESS PT 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - excluded anyone who was showing signs of conorory heart disease
      - interviewed to access personality type
      - found 8 and a half years later - 70% of type A personalities had developed coronory heart disease they also had higher blood pressure and higher colesterol (twice as likely to have died from cardio vascular problems than type B)
- - - - link between anger and cardio vascular disease (anger has same response to stress on the body)
      - 13000 people complete an anger scale (do you feel like hitting someone when you're angry? etc)
      - made sure none had any heart issues before taking part in the study
      - 6 years later they checked their health records for any cardio vascular disorders
      - found those that scored highly on the anger scale were 2 and a half more times more likely to have a heart attack - those who scored moderately were 35% more likely to experience heart disease
      - when the body is in a sympathetic state for long periods of time you are more likely to experience heart disease
      - A03
        
        good population validity
        
        checked health records which eliminates biological and genetic factors or effect over the results
        
        may have an extraneous variable over the 6 years like taking up smoking
  - - - conducted a study on 75 medical students - took blood samples one month before there exams, then again during the exam period - measured their NK cell activity (NK CELLS are white blood cells, specific type of cell to treat extreme infection like cancer) they also completed the social readjustment rating scale to measure other life stresses which could have contrinuted
      - found NK cell activity was reduced in 2nd blood sample (during their exams) those students who had higher life stressors had the lowest NK cell level
      - A03
        
        GOOD looking at other life events
        
        BAD not taking into account of a family history of anything
        
        GOOD scientific, identify cause and effect with the before and after
- - - - working to reduce the arrousal of the central nervous system - increase the production of GABA (neurotransmitter that is produced in the body to lower anxiety) they bind to GABA A receptors - opens the channels and increases the flow or chloride ions (slows down the activity of any neurotransmitters that are entering that neurone - calms the person down)
    - - they work to reduced the arousal of the SAM pathway, bind to BETA receptors in the heart and they prevent the adrenaline from having a effect and as a result heart rate will slow down back to normal - body can no longer enter fight of flight
    - - effective
      - side effects - problems with addiction ( especially benzodiazepines ) they may then get withdrawal symptoms then become even more stressed - counterproductive
      - addressing symptoms and not the cause
  - - - teaching clients to see stress as a challenge - taking a more proactive approach (what can they change?)
      - 3 phases
        
        conceptualisation - identify and help them understand the stresses - access things they can do currently to deal with the stress
        
        skill acquisition - teach them coping skills (positive self talk, relaxation, exercise, teaching how to accurately access a situation)
        
        application - they apply the skills they had in phase 2 through role play and the situations will get more stressful as they go on
      - A03
        
        much more ethical - no addiction risks
        
        fixing the cause
        
        long term skills
        
        ensuring they are prepared, and fully understand before being released by themselves (role play)
        
        not very economic, time consuming and expensive
- - - - exercential courage (determination to keep going despite life stresses and daily hassles)
        
        characteristics - commitment (approach situations whole heartedly, always can learn something from a situation, optimistic) like challenges (resilient, like change, see opportunity in challenge) control (strong belief they are in charge of everything that happens in their life) - less prone to stress and developing heart disease
        
        KOBASA
        
        Looked at 800 middle and upper American executive residents, completed the social readjustment scale and asked to list any illnesses and any absences in the past 3 years - split into either higher stress no illness, higher stress no illness - then complete a personality questionnaire - found higher stress low illness had hardi personalities (supports hardiness lowers the effect of stress on the individual)
        
        LIFTON
        
        He got students from 5 universities to complete a hardiness questionnaire at the beginning of their degree and then he measured how many of them were completing their degree and how many of them dropped out - found those with low hardiness made up a higher percentage than the drop outs, those with high levels of hardiness were the most likely to complete their degree
        
        A03
        
        practice application - identified the traits that will help them identify stress, alert schools so people are more aware
        
        data to support it are questionares, people may not be being as truthful and self reflective
        
        lot of research is done in America - cultural differences