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Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction - Coggle Diagram
Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction
Diabetes Insipidus
Insufficient ADH that results in the inability of the body to concentrate or retain water
Diagnosis
history and physical exam
signs of dehydration
lab measurements of serum solute concentration
enlargement of bladder
Manifestations
depend of severity
polydipsia
polyuria
severe dehydration and serum hyperosmolality
Treatment
desmopressin (DDAVP)
IV hydration
Hypothyroidism
Deficient thyroid hormone
Manifestation
cold intolerance
gradual
dry skin
fatigue
weight gain
myxedema
Treatment
thyroid hormone replacement therapy
Diagnosis
patient history and physical exam
TSH assay
Addison Disease
ACTH deficiency; presents when 90% or more of the adrenal cortices are destroyed or nonfunctional
Manifestation
Skin Melanocytes
results in hyper pigmentation or darkening of skin and mucous membranes
Treatment
isotonic IVF replacement along with hydrocortisone sodium succinate or phosphate
oral replacement of glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid hormones
increased salt intake in hot weather
Diagnoses
Laboratory analysis
hyponatremia
hyperkalemia
serum corticosteriod levels
Hyperthyroidism
Excessive thyroid hormone
Manifestation
restlesness
weight loss
development of Goiter
agitation
sweating
exophthalmos
Treatment
ablation of thyroid gland
goal is to reduce thyroid hormone levels
gland destruction via radioactive iodine
Diagnosis
family history of autoimmune disease, thyroid disease
measurement of serum TSH levels
enlarged and slightly firm thyroid gland
Cushing Syndrome
Prolonged exposure to elevated levels of endogenous or exogenous gluccorticoids
Diagnosis
24 hour urine collection where elevations in cortisol excretion are noted
imaging studies to locate tumors excreting excess ACTH or cortisol
Manifestation
behavioral changes
glucose intolerance
hirsutism
suppression of inflammatory and immune responses
obesity of trunk, face and upper back
Treatment
surgery or radiation to remove tumors
corticosteroid
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion
ADH controls fluid balance by regulating reabsorption of water by the kidneys
Manifestation
symptoms DO NOT manifest until sodium is 115-120 mEq/L
headache
decreased and concentrated urine output
disorientation
anorexia
Treatment
fluid restriction
IV isotonic or hypertonic saline
Diagnosis
highly concentrated urine with high sodium content
hyponatremia
decreased urine volume
absence of renal, adrenal, or thyroid abnormalities