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Reproduction in Humans - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Testes, prod. sperms (male gametes)
    - - Ovaries prod. ova (female gametes)
  - - - Diploid (2n)
        
        46
    - - Haploid (n)
        
        23
    - - Zygote formed
        
        Diploid (2n)
        
        46
  - - - Only one sperm can enter + fertilise egg
  - - - Breaks down part of egg membrane to allow sperm to enter
    - - Forming fertilised egg
        
        AKA. Zygote
  - - - Forms embryo
    - - May float freely for another 2 days
- - - - Maintains lower temp. thn. body for development of sperms
  - - - Due to sphincter muscles @ base of urinary bladder, prev. urine frm. coming out during ejaculation
  - - - Become erect + hard during sexual intercourse to enter vagina & deposit semen cont. sperms
      - Due to blood filling up spongy tissue in penis
  - - - Mixture of fluid + sperms is known as semen
  - - - Acrosome
        
        Cont. enzymes used to break down part of egg membrane to allow sperm to penetrate during fertilisation
      - (Small amt.) Cytoplasm
      - Nucleus
        
        Carries one haploid set of chromosomes
    - - Numerous mitochondria
        
        Provides sperm energy to swim to egg
    - - Flagellum
        
        Beating movement enables sperm to be motile & swim towards egg
- - - - Leads frm. ovary to uterus
  - - - Enables contraction to push out fetus during birth
  - - - Important for embryo implantation
  - - - Can enlarge to allow delivery of fetus
  - - - Only 500/70 000 eggs will mature
      - Released frm. time female becomes physically mature until 45-55 yrs. of age
    - - Cont. one haploid set of chromosomes
    - - May cont. small amt. of yolk
    - - Surrounded by an outer membrane
- - - - Sex organs mature
      - Sex organs secrete sex hormones
        
        Testosterone
        
        Oestrogen + Progesterone
  - - - Hair (pubic regions, under armpits, face)
      - Penis + Testicles incr. in size
      - Larynx enlarges
        
        Voice deepens
      - Prod. of sperm begins
    - - Hair (pubic regions, under armpits)
      - Breasts & uterus enlarge
      - Hips brosden
      - Menstruation & ovulation begin
  - - - (Day 6 to 13) Follicle stage
        
        Prod. of oestrogen
        
        Causes repair & growth of uterine lining
        
        Making it thick & spongy w. blood vessels
      - (Day 14) Ovulation
        
        Secretion of progesterone
        
        Prepares uterine lining for fertilised egg
        
        Causes it to thicken further by supplying it w. blood capillaries
      - (Day 1 - 5) Menstrual flow
        
        Uterine lining breaks down, flows frm. uterus out of body thru. vagina
      - Can be affected by stress, illness, unbalanced diet or malnutrition
      - Cycle of events taking place in female repro. system every month
    - - Natural variation in length ranging frm. 21 - 33 days
    - - Cond. whr. female eventually stops prod. eggs, ending menstrual cycle
    - - Day 11 - 16
        
        Egg can survive frm. Day 14 - 16
        
        Sperms can live for 2 - 3 days in fem. repro. system
    - - Rest of days
- - - - Destroys body’s immune system
    - - Severe diarrhoea, lasts months
      - Chronic/persistent fever
      - Pneumonia
      - Widespread tuberculosis, affects many organs at one time
      - Cancer of blood vessels
      - Brain infection
    - - Sexual intercourse w. infected person
      - Sharing of hypodermic needles w. infected person
      - Blood transfusion w. blood frm. infected person
      - Passed frm. mother to fetus during pregnancy
    - - Keep to one sex partner
      - Do not have sex
      - Make sure needles used for acupuncture treatment/tattooing/ear piercing are sterilised
      - Use a condom to reduce risk of infection
      - Do not abuse drugs
        
        Drug addicts tend to share needles
      - Do not share instruments like razors/toothbrushes as they cld easily break the skin & get contaminated w. blood