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SPAIN: THE BOURBON REFORMS AND THEIR LIMITS, image, image, image, image,…
SPAIN: THE BOURBON REFORMS AND THEIR LIMITS
War of succession and its consequences
2 pretenders
Carlos of Habsburg
Prince Felipe of Bourbon
Carlos II chose the Bourbon prince
Severeal kingdoms within the Hague Alliance declared war on France causing an international war to break out
A civil war broke out in 1705 between supporters of Habsburgs and Bourbons
European war ended with the signing of Peace of Utrecht in 1713
Felipe V renounced his claim to the French throne <nd all comercial and territorial concessions to the Alliance powers
Hispanic Monarchy lost its European territories
TERRITORIAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE TREATIES OF UTRECHT AND RASTATT
Felipe V punished the territories of Crown of Aragon
He used the Nueva Planta decrees to abolish the courts, customs and fiscal systems
Political reforms
Spanish Bourbons imposed a model of absolute monarchy inspired by French absolutist system
In the middle of 18th century, began evolving towards the model of enlightened despotism
Old Habsburg model of government was replaced by cabinets
Were formed by ministers who were responsible for the main matters of government: state, navy and treasury
Fueros, laws, institutions, tax regimes and customs of Navarra and the Basque provinces remained
Viceroyalties of New Granada and Rio de la Plata were created
Regalist policies were carried out in the Church
Foreign policy
The dynastic affinity with the French Bourbons and the Atlantic expansion of Great Britain led the Spanish kings
When the war ended the Treaty of Paris confirmed British hegemony in the world
BOURBON MONARCHS IN 18TH CENTURY
Felipe V
Returned the throne and reigned until his own death
Fernando VI
Had not children so on his death he was succeeded by Carlos III
Carlos III
Was crowned in 1759 and he is the main example of enlightened despotism in Spain
Luis I
He was on the throne for six months due to his death
Felipe V
He had to win the war of succession to take the throne
Carlos IV
His reign began in 1788 and saw the transitional period between two eras, and he ruled until 1808
Economic reforms
Domestic trade most commercial transactions were local
Bourbons promoted public works which helped improve the situation in certain areas
Foreign trade was more important
West Indies fleet that the Hispanic Monarchy used to organise its commercial monopoly with its colonies disappeared
Carlos III decreed the liberalisation of the grain trade in 1765
Craft
There was a very robust new textile sector in the Barcelona area dedicated to producing printed cotton fabrics
The governments of Hispanic Monarchy set up Royal manufacturers
Created to make either luxury or basic products
