Integumentary Concept Map-Elena Martinez
Skin
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Protective covering; prevents many substances and pathogenic
microorganisms from entering body
• Protection of underlying tissues
• Houses sensory receptors
• Conducts part of the process for making vitamin D
• Body temperature regulation, via sweat gland activation, and
vasodilation or vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels
Healing of wounds
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Involves the formation of a blood clot from the released
blood
• The blood clot and dried tissue fluids form a scab to cover the
wound
• Extensive collagen fiber production in the area may for an
elevated area called a scar
Nail
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Protective coverings over the ends of fingers and toes
• Consist of a nail plate overlying a layer of skin surface, called
the nail bed
• Lunula: half-moon-shaped structure at base of nail plate;
most actively growing region of the nail root
• As new cells are produced, older ones are pushed outward
and become keratinized, just as in other parts of the skin
Hair
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Hair can be found in nearly all regions of the skin except
palms, soles, lips, nipples, and portions of external genitalia
• Each hair develops from epithelial stem cells at the base of a
tube-like depression called the hair follicle
• Hair follicles dip down into the dermis or sometimes the
subcutaneous layer
• The deepest part of the hair root is called the hair bulb; it is
located at the base of the hair follicle
• As new cells are formed in the bulb, old cells are pushed
outward and become keratinized, and die forming the hair
shaft
• Hair is composed of dead, keratinized epithelial cells