Natalie Valdivia
Period: 3
Integumentary System
Major Function Of The Skin
Layers Of The Skin
The skin acts as a barrier between internal environment and external environment
Epidermis
Dermis
Accessory Organs
Skin Cancer
Degree Of Burns
ABCDE Rules
The Rule Of Nines
Hypodermis
It is the outer layer of the skin
Its Stratefied Squamous Epithelium
It is thin
Its the inner layer of the connective, tissue, blood vessels, smooth muscle, and nervous tissue
Its thicker
Binds skin to underlying tissues
Contains major blood vessels that supply the skin
Its the layer underneath the dermis consists of areolar and adipose tissue
Lacks blood vessels
Stratum Basal: is the deepest layer that consists of dividing cells
There are five layers of epidermis found in the body
Stratum Basal: inner most/ dividing layer
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Corneum: Outermost layer; dead, flattened, kerantinized cells; continually shed from outer skin surface
Stratum Lucidum: layer between Stratum Granulosum and Stratum Corneum, found only in thick skin of the palm and soles
The skin and its accessory organs make up the integumentary system
The skin is the largest organ in the body
The structure of the skin contains of hair, nails, glands, and sensory receptors
Nails
Glands
Hair
Is found in nearly all regions of the skin except palms, soles, lips, nipples, and portion of external genitalia
The dermis consists of areolar and sense connective tissue, with collagen and elastic fibers with gel-like ground substance
The dermal blood vessels carry nutrients to upper layers of skin, to help regulate body temperature
The dermis also contains nerve fibers, sensory receptors, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
Protective covering that prevents many substances and pathogenic microoganisms from entering the body
Protection of underlying tissues
conducts part of the process for making vitamin D
Body temperature regulations, via sweat gland activation, and vasodilation or vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels
Healing of wounds
Hair follicles dip down into the dermis or sometimes the subcutaneous layer
Each hair develops from epithelial stem cells at the base of a tube-like depression called hair follicle
The deepest part of the hair root is called hair bulb and it is located at the base of the hair follicle
The hair color is determined by genetics
Melanin produced by melanocytes is responsible for the
hair colors; type and amount of melanin are the factors
A bundle of smooth muscle cells, called an arrector pili
muscle, attaches to each hair follicle; when it contracts, in response to cold temperature or emotional upset, it causes
goose bumps
Sweat (sudoriferous) glands
Sebaceous glands:
Holocrine glands are entire cells filled with secretion are released
Are associated with hair follicles
It is a secrete oily substance called sebum, that waterproofs and
moisturizes the hair shafts and skin
There are two types of these sweat glands
Eccrine: is the merocrine glands that responds to body temperature;
more abundant type; and is found on forehead, neck, back
Apocrine: is the merocrine glands that becomes active at puberty; respond to fear, emotional upsets, pain, or sexual arousal; most numerous in axilla and groin; sweat contains proteins and fats that are produced by the body odor
Lunula: is a half-moon-shaped structure at base of nail plate and is most actively growing region of the nail root
As the new cells are being produced the older ones are being pushed outward and become keratinized
The nail plate overlies a layer of the skin surface which is called the nail bed
The main things found in the nail structure is the (from top to bottom)
- the free edge
- Nail plate
- Nail bed
- Lunula
- Cuticle
It is a protective covering over the ends of the fingers and toes
Secound Degree: Is a burn that destorys some of the epidermis as well as some of the dermis
Third Degree: Is a burn that detroys the epidermis
First Degree: A burn that will only affect the epidermis
Blisters will form after
Will happen when esposed to hot objects, hot liquid, flames, or burning clothing
will take a few days or weeks to fully heal and wont leave any scars behind
The skin will become inflamed, warm, or red
The skin will eventually become dry and leathery and the color will very from red to black to white
This burn is a serious burn that can't be handle and might need to see a doctor
Is a subdividing of the skin's surface into regions of 9%
The percentage amount of the skin can be determinded depending on the % amount of the body part
cutaneous carcinomas is the most common skin cancer and mostly affects light skinned people
cutaneous carcinomas develops from hard, dry, scaly growths that have reddish bases
One in five people will develop skin cancer
It is mostly found on the neck, face, or scalp
Originated from epithelial cells called cutaneous carcinomas
UVA and UVB are types of ultra violate radiation, which are different wavelengths of energy that can cause mutations that will trigger the skin cancer
The (B) stands for border (irregular)
The (C) stands for color ( more than one)
The (A) stands for Asymmetry
The (D) stands for diameter (more than 6 milimeters)
This rule is a checklist for melanoma
The (E) stands for evolution or change
Healing Of Wounds
The dilated blood vessels bring in fluids, oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells to aid healing
The characteristics that common with inflammation is redness, heat, swelling, and pain
Inflammation is when the blood vessels dilate and become more permeable causing tissues to become red and swollen
The process for a wound to heal is
- involves the formation of a blood clot from released blood
- The blood clot and dried tissue fluid from a scab to cover the wound
- The extensive collagen fiber production in the area may form a scar
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