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science end of year exam revision - Coggle Diagram
science end of year exam revision
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Luminous flame vs non-luminous flame
Luminous flame is used when Bunsen Burner not in use / can be seen /orange in colour
Non-luminous flame is blue in colour / cannot really be seen
independent variable can be changed (need to change to observe the effect while the dependent variable is measured/measured variable)
dependent variable cannot be changed (need to be the same /stay constant/ constant variable)
controlled variable must be constant (cannot change/ must be the same)
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when a gas expands, the volume increases as the particles move further apart from one another hence density will decrease as mass and number of particles remain the same
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what is a system?
A specific system consists of organs, tissues and cells
Due to refraction, the object (a fish) will appear closer to the surface than it actually is
movement of gas: high speed random over long distances / move freely and quickly over long distances
movement of solid: vibrates about fixed position
movement of liquid: slide over one another/ move freely through out liquid
arrangement of gas: random and far apart
arrangment of solid:closely packed together in an orderly manner
arrangment of liquid:packed closely together in a disorderly manner
forces of attraction of gas: very weak
forces of attraction of solid: very strong
forces of attraction: strong
What happens when a solid is melting?
When a solid is heated, the particles gain enough energy, the particles overcome the strong forces of attraction between one another. The particles break free from fixed position and slide pass one another
Functions of parts of cell:
A nucleus contains genetic information and controls all activities in the cell
A chloroplast is a green pigment, chlorophyll. The plant needs chlorophyll to absorb energy from the sun to make food through photosynthesis
Chromosomes are genetic material and other nutrients that determines heredity
The vacuole contains water and other nutrients needed for the organism to survive
The cell membrane controls substances going in and out of the cell.
The cell wall gives the plant cell a regular shape and supporting the cell
The cytoplasm is the site where most chemical reactions occur
what is refraction?
Refraction is the bending of light, when light hits an opaque surface
what is refraction?
Refraction is the bending of light from one medium to another medium of different optical density
what are the five characteristics of a plane mirror?
-the image virtual(not real)
-the image laterally inverted
-the image is the same size
-the object distance and image distance are the same
-the image is upright
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Uses of convex mirror:
(when wide area is needed tube
seen)
-road blind corners
-coiling corner of shapes
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Red Blood cell
Function: to carry oxygen to body tissues
Adaptations:
- a red pigment which is an oxygen-carrying protein
- has no nucleus so it has greater capacity to carry more oxygen
- has a circular biconcave shape for greater surface area to volume ratio for faster diffusion of oxygen
Root hair cell
-Characteristic : has no chloroplast because it is found in the ground where there is no light
- Function: to absorb water and dissolved mineral ions from the soil
Adaptation:
a tiny, long and narrow cellular which greatly increases surface area to volume ratio of the cell for faster adaptation of water and minerals from the soil