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EVOLUTION OF MOBILE PHONE COMMUNICATION - Coggle Diagram
EVOLUTION OF MOBILE PHONE COMMUNICATION
1G
First generation mobile communication system (1979)
Key features (technology) of 1G system
Frequency 800 MHz and 900 MHz
Bandwidth: 10 MHz (666 duplex channels with bandwidth of 30 KHz)
Technology: Analogue switching
Modulation: Frequency Modulation (FM)
Access technique: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
Mode of service: voice only
Disadvantages of 1G system
Poor battery life
Poor voice quality due to interference
Large sized mobile phones (not convenient to carry)
Roaming was not possible between similar systems
Limited number of users and cell coverage
Less security (calls could be decoded using an FM demodulator)
2G
Second generation communication system GSM (Global System for Mobile communication)
Key features of 2G system
Digital system (switching)
Enhanced security
Roaming is possible
SMS services is possible
First internet at lower data rate
Low data rate
Disadvantages of 2G system
Low data rate
Limited mobility
Less features on mobile devices
Limited number of users and hardware capability
3G
Third generation communication system
Key features of 3G system
Mobile app support
Enhanced security, more number of users and coverage
Video calling
Higher data rate
High quality 3D games
TV streaming
Better web browsing
Location tracking and maps
Multimedia message support
Disadvantages of 3G systems
Expensive spectrum licenses
Costly mobile devices
Compatibility with older generation 2G system and frequency bands
Costly infrastructure, equipment and implementation
Higher bandwidth requirements to support higher data rate
4G
Fourth generation communication system
Key features of 4G system
Much higher data rate up to 1Gbps
Enhanced security and mobility
Reduced latency for mission critical applications
High definition video streaming and gaming
Voice over LTE network VoLTE (use IP packets for voice)
Disadvantages of 4G system
Expensive hardware and infrastructure
High end mobile devices compatible with 4G technology required, which is costly
Costly spectrum (most countries, frequency bands are too expensive)
Wide deployment and upgrade is time consuming
5G
Fifth generation communication system
Key features of 5G technology
Total cost deduction for data
Higher security and reliable network
Low latency in milliseconds (significant for mission critical applications)
Forward compatibility network offers further enhancements in future
Ultra fast mobile internet up to 10Gbps
Uses technologies like small cells, beam forming to improve efficiency
Cloud based infrastructure offers power efficiency, easy maintenance and upgrade of hardware
