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Alexander Samson P.3 The skin and body - Coggle Diagram
Alexander Samson P.3 The skin and body
Major Functions of the skin
Protective covering; prevents many substances and pathogenic
microorganisms from entering body
• Protection of underlying tissues
• Houses sensory receptors
• Conducts part of the process for making vitamin D
• Body temperature regulation, via sweat gland activation, and
vasodilation or vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels
• Healing of wounds
The skin plays a major role in temperature regulation, with
the hypothalamus controlling the process
Other disorders associated with the Integumentary system
Disorders Affecting the Integumentary System
Acne.
Rash.
Yeast.
Athlete's foot.
Pressure ulcers.
Infection.
Sunburn.
Skin cancer.
Degrees of Burns and the Rules of Nines
Body part Percentage
Arm (including the hand) 9 percent each
Anterior trunk (front of the body) 18 percent
Genitalia 1 percent
Head and neck 9 percent
Legs (including the feet) 18 percent each
Posterior trunk (back of the body) 18 percent
Accessory organs (hair,nails,glands)
Nails
• As new cells are produced, older ones are pushed outward and become keratinized, just as in other parts of the skin
• Lunula: half-moon-shaped structure at base of nail plate; most actively growing region of the nail root
Consist of a nail plate overlying a layer of skin surface, called the nail bed
Protective coverings over the ends of fingers and toes
Hair
Hair can be found in nearly all regions of the skin except
palms, soles, lips, nipples, and portions of external genitalia
The deepest part of the hair root is called the hair bulb; it is
located at the base of the hair follicle
As new cells are formed in the bulb, old cells are pushed outward and become keratinized, and die forming the hair shft.
Hair color is determined by genetics
Glands
Holocrine glands; entire cells filled with secretion are released
Merocrine glands; secretions exit cells via exocytosis
Eccrine: merocrine glands that respond to body temperature;
more abundant type; many found on forehead, neck, back
Secrete an oily substance called sebum, that waterproofs and
moisturizes the hair shafts and skin
Apocrine: merocrine glands (incorrectly named) which become
active at puberty; respond to fear, emotional upset, pain, or sexual
arousal; most numerous in axilla and groin; sweat contains proteins
& fats that produce body odor
Layers of the skin (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis) and all the structures within
each of the layer
Skin cancer and the ABCDE rule
ABCDE stands for asymmetry, border, color, diameter and evolving
