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Pathophysiology of Elimination - Coggle Diagram
Pathophysiology of Elimination
Urinary Dysfunction
Alterations of Motility
promotion of stasis of filtrate in renal tubules and of urine in the bladder
stasis in bladder may lead to infection, growth of bacteria
casts formation due to low flow rate, increased sodium concentration, low pH, and all factors favoring precipitation. precipitation may lead to essential renal structure blockage
rbc, wbc, epithelial cells may be trapped in casts leading to different diseases
Neuromuscular Function
results in urinary retention or incontinence
what may be affected: pns or cns, neurotransmitter production and availability; neural impulses coordination, conscious control of the muscles involved; altered mobility
Patency
blocking structures involved in urine passage results in obstruction
level of obstruction (degree, duration, acuity or chronicity) will determine how bad symptoms will be:
pressure buildup behind the blockage
Perfusion
inadequate arterial blood supply leads to ischemia or infarction
inadequate o2 supply may lead to renal structure damage
other factors that cause altered perfusion leading to urinary dysfunction: excessive constriction of arterioles, inadequate vascular volume, obstructed patency of arterial supply
loss of functional tissue
Bowel Dysfunction
Patency
bowel obstruction due to space occupying lesion which blocks intestinal lumen partially or totally
can be tumors, polyps, impacted feces, fluid and gas accumulation. results in abdominal distention and pain. edema may occur if venous return is blocked promoting further fluid and gas accumulation.
bacteria may gain access to circulatory system leading to sepsis
perforation may occur due to excessive pressure
Neuromuscular Function
optimal bowel function needs good neurologic and muscular function
impaired neuronal signal transduction and/or impaired muscle responsiveness may lead to pathologies
problems may occur due to emotional stress, electrolyte imbalances, abdominal surgery, reduced physical activity
Motility
large intestine; rate at which fecal matter passes through for evacuation
decreased motility: more storage time in large intestine, enhanced loss of fluid from fecal matter, promotion of waste products back into circulatory system
increased motility: impaired nutrition, loss of water and electrolytes
diarrhea, constipation
potential stressors that affect transit time of stool: certain foods