integumentary
THE SKINS THREE MAJOR FUNCTIONS
PROTECTION: protects the body from external factors such as bacteria, chemicals and tempertaure
Example: the skin conatins secreations that can kill bacteria and the pigment mealnin provides a chemical pigment defense agsint ultraviolet light that can damage skin cells
THERMOREGULATION: the skin regulates body temperature with its blood supply. The skin assists in homestasis. Humidity affects thermoregulation by limiting sweat evaporation and this heat loss.
Example: the skin helps in thermoregulation by radiation, convection, conduction, persipration and by arrector pili muscles
SENSATION: an important function of the skin dermis is to detect sensations of heat, cold pressure, constact and pain. Sensation is detected through the nerve ending in the dermis which are easily affected by wonds .
Example: Nerves in the skin help you feel sensations like hot and cold
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
EPIDERMIS: Protects the body from harm, keeps the body hydrated, produces new skin cells, and contains melanin, which determines the color of your skin
Location: the epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin,, that contains keratin and squamous epithelial cells, is the thinnest layer of the skin
LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS: The stratum basale (the deepest portion of the epidermis), stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucid, and stratum corneum (the most superficial portion of the epidermis).
DERMIS: the role of the dermis is to support and protect the skin and deeper layers, assist in thermoregulation, and aid sensation. the dermis is a fibrous structure composed of collagen, elastic tissue, and other extracellular components that include vasculature, nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands
Location: your dermis is the middle layer of your skin, located between your epidermis and hypodermis in your skin.
LAYERS OF THE DERMIS: The dermis is divided into two layers, the papillary dermis, and the reticular dermis. The papillary dermis is the superficial layer, lying deep into the epidermis. The papillary dermis is composed of loose connective tissue that is highly vascular
HYPODERMIS: hypodermis is the bottom layer of the skin in your body. It has many important functions, including storing energy, connecting the dermis layer of your skin to your muscles and bones, insulating your body, and protecting your body from harm.
Location: the hypodermis is the deepest layer of the skin also referred to as the subcutaneous layer (stores fat) , located below the epidermis (top layer) and dermis (middle layer) of the skin
HYPODERMIS LAYERS: the hypodermis contains collagen, fibers, adipose tissue, connective tissue, larger nerves, and blood vessels. It also includes macrophages, cells that are part of the immune system and help keep your body protected from outside innovators.
ACCESSORY ORGANS
HAIR
function: the human hair has various functions such as protection against external factors, sebum, apocrine sweat and pheromones production and thermoregulation
STRUCTURES OF THE HAIR
each hair has a hair shaft and a hair root. The shaft is visible part of the hair that sticks out of the skin. The hair root is in the skin and extends down to the deeper layers of the skin. It is surrounded by the hair follicle ( a sheath of skin and connective tissue), which is also connected to a sebaceous gland
NAILS
function: nails protect the sensitive tips of the fingers and toes.The nails are not esential to surive but they support the tips of our fingers and toes, protect them from injury, help humans pick up small objects.
STRUCTURES OF THE NAILS
nails structures. The nails os divided into six parts; root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium, paraonychium, and hyponychium. Each of these six components has a specific fucntion, and if a component of the nail structure is distrupted, the nail can look abnormal
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
function: the sebaceous gland contributes the vast majurity of skin surface lipids, the normal function of the glsnds is to produce and secrete sebum. Sebum lubricates the skin to protect against friction and provides mositure to the skin
skin cancer/ ABCDE RULES
the ABCD rules for cancer is a handy acronym that can help identify potential skin cancers
A -asymmetrical
one half doesent match the other half. Draw an imaginery line through the area and compare the two halves
B -border
(the outer edges are uneven)
Edges of the mole are ragged, blurred, or irregular
C- color
(darlk black or have multiple colors)
it dosent have the same color throughout or has shades of tan, brown, black, blue, white or red
D- diameter
(greater than 6 mm)
the mole is larger than the earaser of a pencil
E- evolving
(change in size, shape and color)
Its changing, shrinking, growing larger, color, bleed, itching
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Degree of bruns and how the rule of nine impies when discussing urms
disorders assosicated with the integumetry system
- acne
- skin cancer
- sunburn
- psoriasis
- infection
- herpes
- rosacea
DEGREE OF BURNS
Docters group burns into diffrent categories based on how deeply your skin has been harmed
Degree 1
first-degree bruns: red, nonblistered skin
- affect only the epidermis, or outer layer of the skin, long tissue damage is rare and usually consist of an increase or decrease in the skin color
Degree 2
second-degree burns: blisters and some thickening of the skin
- affects both the epidermis and the second layer of the skin (dermis), these brurns may cause scarring
Degree 3
third-degree burns: widespread thickness with white, leathery apperance
- extend into the fatty kayer that lies beneath the dermis, these kinds of burns usually require skin grafts for wound closure