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EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 22 - Coggle Diagram
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 22
Grill (1978)
aim
to investigate mimetic responses to gustatory stimuli (food) in neurologically normal rats
rm
lab
s
lab rats
p
a taste stimulus (sucrose [pleasure], quinine [disgust]) is injected directly into the oral cavity (mouth) of a freely moving rat and immediate response videotaped for frame by frame analysis
f
sucrose = elicited rhythmic mouth/tongue movements/protrusions [respectively], quinine = gaping (mimics vomiting)
linking
Grill demonstrates the effect of disgust on behaviour. For example, the rats given the quinine exhibited a behavioural response of gaping and five bodily movements. This is important because the taste stimuli of quinine forced the rats to try and expel the food from their body as an automatic response to a potentially dangerous stimuli, which was then followed by movement which is known to be an automatic innate disgust response. Therefore, evolutionary psychology can be used to explain behaviour
ct
strength
high construct validity - frame by frame analysis
weakness
low generalisability - gaping is not done by humans (vomit instead) HOWEVER movement is generalisable to humans
Navarette (2007)
aim
to investigate elevated ethnocentrism in the first trimester of pregnancy
rm
questionnaire
p
using self-report techniques, the researcher explored the expression of intergroup attitudes in a sample of pregnant women from USA
american pregnant women
f
favouritism peaks toward the in-group during first trimester of pregnancy and decreases in second and third, therefore more xenophobic in 1st
linking
ct
strength
high internal validity - 9 months, longitudinal study
weakness
social desirability
Curtis (2004)
aim
to provide evidence that disgust evolved to protect from risk of disease
rm
online survey
s
40000 individuals from 165 countries
p
20 photo stimuli, each of the images formed a part of a pair that were made up of infectious/potentially harmful stimuli and non-infectious stimuli. participants had to rate disgust from 1-5 (e.g. plate full of bodily fluids vs plate of viscous blue liquid)
f
objects holding potential disease were found to be more disgusting than similar images with little/no disease. this pattern of response was found across all regions of the world. females reported higher disgust sensitivity than males, constant decline in disgust sensitivity over life course (older=lower, more experience?), bodily fluids of strangers = more disgusting than close relatives
linking
ct
strength
highly repeatable (survey)
weakness
subjectivity - disgust 1-5
intro
d
a theoretical approach to psychology, that attempts to explain useful mental and psychological traits - such as memory, perception, language - as adaptations, i.e. as the functional products of natural selection
e
disgust
a
3 responses - close eyes, close mouth, step away, makes it less likely for any pathogens to enter body therefore avoiding possible disease
c
s