1: 30 male , 100 vixens 2: cage set up (caged with mothers until 1-2 months old, then caged with litter mates) 3: tests (offers food from hand while trying to stroke pups) 4: introduction of classes (flee from experimenter/bite when stroked = class III, no emotionally friendly response but allowed to be petted = class II, friendly/wag tails/whining = class I), 5: introduction of IE ('domesticated elite' eager to establish human contact/whimpering/sniffing/licking), 6: 70-80% class IE by 1999