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05 PARLIAMENTARIANISM AND ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM, agriculture, Catherine…
05 PARLIAMENTARIANISM AND ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM
Absolutism And Parliamentarianism
Parliamentary monarchies
Glorious Revolution
England (1688)
Mary II and her husband William III of Orange
selected as new monarchs
Bill of Rights
limited the monarch’s power
recognised individual rights
18th century
remained stable
economic and social changes
England
based on political context
legal systems controlled
monarch’s power
Parliamentary republican political systems
governed by
wealthy middle class
nobility
Holy Empire and Italian Peninsula
inhabitants enjoyed individual freedoms
United Provinces
own colonial empire
development
culture
economic
Absolute monarchies
growing centralisation
administrative decisions
political
permanent army
superiority of the king
ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM
Additional reforms
Political reforms
Parliaments no convened
government
reorganised
Economic reformsc
Improvements
communication routes
agriculture
introduced
crafts and commerce
increase income
Regalist reforms
gain privileges
high positions
tax exemptions
Church
regalists
own entity
Catherine ‘The Great’
empress of Russia
contact with
important Enlightenment thinkers
Catherine II
1762 and 1796
reformist ideas
strengthened her power
different courts
variant of absolutism
trickledown
Enlightenment ideas
Academies
despotic governments
progress and happiness
efficient
thinkers worked
ministers
under absolutist monarchs
government advisers
rationalise
improve