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Germany's defeat in WWII - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Ensure that the USA would not become involved in a foreign war
      - No expiration date, unlike previous Neutrality Acts
      - Extended to cover civil wars
      - American ships prohibited from transporting any passengers or materials to warring nations
      - American citizens forbidden from travelling on ships of warring nations
  - - - Complemented the Anti-Comin tern Pact in 1936
      - Japan recognised the dominance of Germany and Italy in the 'new order of Europe'
      - Japan's dominance in 'Greater East Asia' was in turn recognised by Germany and Italy
      - The 3 powers will assist one another with all political, economic and military means when one of the three parties is at war with a power at present not involved in the European war or the Sino-Japanese conflict
    - - Roosevelt sought to expand and re-equip the American Army and Navy. and to step up rearmament
      - Planned to have 10 million men in arms, half of whom would be ready for overseas duty by 1943
      - A false sense of security and pride that isolationism brought, and argued for increases involvement in the war
      - Fireside chats
        
        A series of 30 radio addresses given by President Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944
        
        Spoke directly and informally to the Americans, addressing them as his 'friends'
        
        Told them about his hopes for the country and discussed the problems they faced such as economy and national security
        
        Fireside chats attracted a large audience, and were successful in communicating Roosevelt's ideas and expectations to the American public
- - - - The USA was the largest producer of goods at the time
        
        Able to convert its factories for military production at the faster rate than the Axis Powers
      - USA was able to send large numbers of American military personnel such as soldiers and intelligence officers, to aid Allied military campaigns
        
        Solved allied problems of military shortages
        
        Bolstered the Allied war machine
    - - Helping the Allies achieve control of the air and sea
        
        Control over air
        
        Priortised building up air forces
        
        Focused on long-range bombing of vital enemy infastructure
        
        Developed new techniques that improved radar technology and aided accuracy of target bombing
        
        American air force much larger than Germany's and Japan;s
        
        From 1943 to 44, regular bombing of German cities, vital industries, rail links and synthetic oil plants by American and British combined air offensives
        
        Results
        
        Hindered German production of war materials
        
        Forced Germany to focus production on anti-aircraft guns rather than tanks
        
        Luftwaffe never fully recovered
        
        Control over sea
        
        Issues
        
        German U-boats were sinking British convoys carrying military supplies and armaments
        
        U-boat bases in German-occupied Norway and France made it easier for German aircrafts to patrol the Atlantic and direct the U-boats to their targets
        
        Allied aircraft could not cross the vast Atlantic easily
        
        Solutions
        
        American Navy took over escort duties from Britain
        
        American occupied Greenland and Iceland gave Britain vital bases in the mid-Atlantic
        
        Produced longer-range aircraft that could attack both U-boats and German planes
        
        Mass production of warships from the USA
        
        Production of vital equipment such as better anti-submarine weapons, radio communications and radar
        
        Results
        
        Germany recalled its U-boats in May 1943
        
        Combined navies of the USA and Britain achieved effective control of the Atlantic
      - Prevents essential resources from reaching Germany
      - Gave the Allies greater opportunities and success at bombing German cities and Axis military sites, such as their synthetic oil plants and oil fields
- - - - In the Battle of Britain in 1940, Hitler ordered the Luftwaffe to focus only on destroying the British Air Force
      - German plane bombed civilian areas of London by mistake, he shifted his focus to attacking Britain's cities instead
        
        Gave the RAF time to recover and denied Hitler's victory over Britain
      - During the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941
      - Hitler disregarded the advice of his generals and shifted some of his military divisions from Moscow to other places like Ukraine
        
        Hitler lost the chance to end the war against the Soviets quickly and decisively
  - - - Slow and inefficient armament production
        
        Shortage in proven weapons and essential equipment like trucks, infantry vehicles, suitable clothing and equipment
        
        Limited effectiveness of military tactics
        
        When invading Britain, the German navy invested heavily in battleships and cruisers instead of the more threatening U-boats
        
        The British eventually developed an anti-submarine force when Germany later tried to rectify the problem
        
        Competiton for fundings among military leaders who wished to build up their own section of defence
        
        Lack of adequate personnel for armament production
        
        Factory staffed by starving slave labourers
        
        German women stayed at home instead of the contributing to the war efforts
        
        Germany focused on producing large numbers of different types of armament, unlike the Allies who focused on a few types of proven weapons and equipment
        
        Hitler's constant demand for the most up to date weaponry
        
        Some types of weapons were mass produced before they were tested on the battlefield
  - - - Solved it by inventing synthetic oil by liquefying, a resource which Germany had in abundance
        
        Synthetic oil being used as a substitute of refined petroleum products such as fuel and lubricants
    - - However, they were subjected to heavy Allied aerial bombing led by the USA
      - Ploesti oilfields in Romania were put out of operation by the Soviet Red Army and the American Air Force in August 1944
  - - - Still at war with Britain on the Western Front, Hitler chose to invade the Soviet Union opening up the Eastern Front
    - - In actual fact, Roosevelt concentrated his troops and efforts in North Africa and Europe
- - - - Soviet Union gained the upper hand due to Germany's tactical erros
        
        Strong resistance from Soviet troops and the bitter Russians winters in 1941-1942 gave the Soviet Union time to reorganise its army as well as rebuild its economy and military production
        
        It gained a greater advantage over Germany with American Lend-Lease aid from 1942 onwards
        
        Soviets turned the tide against Germany in 1943, Stalin himself stated that without American production the United Nations
  - - - The Luftwaffe attacked British coastal defences and airfields with great success
      - Germans accidentally bombed the outskirts of London. Britain retaliated by making bombing raids on Berlin
      - Hitler changed the focus of attacks to British cities
        
        Sustained strategic bombing of British cities known as the Blitz commenced
      - RAF was given much needed breathing space to repair their airfields and radar systems. The Blitz also boosted British morale instead of crushing it, The RAF retaliated and the Luftwaffe failed to achieve air supremacy
      - Hitler made preparations for the invasion of the Soviet Union. The threat of an invasion of Britain subsided
      - The Blitz ended and Hiter shifted focus on the Soviet Union
  - - - Allied strategies would not have enjoyed as much success as they did