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05 PARLIAMENTARIANISM AND ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM - Coggle Diagram
05 PARLIAMENTARIANISM AND ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM
Absolutism and parliamentarianism
Absolute Monarchies
characteristics
growing centralisation of political and administrative decisions in
the royal courts
the monarchy’s government bodies
a permanent army under the orders of the king
royal treasury able to raise revenue
the marginalisation of the courts
parliaments structured in estates
Louis XIV of France (1643-1715)
The Sun King
most representative example
supported the superiority of the king’s power over all others:
the nobility
the clergy
parliaments
guilds
Parliamentary monarchies
developed institutional and legal systems
that controlled the monarch’s power
through the action of the courts and parliaments made up of
major landowners
local corporations
the wealthy classes
Main example: England
After the Glorious Revolution in 1688
the absolutist claims of the Stuart dynasty were defeated
the parliament chose
Mary II and her husband William III of Orange as the new monarchs
on the condition that they sign the Bill of Rights
the monarch’s power
recognised the rights of the individual
remained stable throughout the 18th century
Major economic and social changes in Great Britain
based on parliamentary model
Parliamentary Republican Political Systems
remained in place in some parts of Europe
Holy Empire
Italian Peninsula
governed by
members of the nobility
wealthy middle class
elected by local assemblies
high levels of economic and cultural development
their inhabitants enjoyed certain individual freedoms
they were weak against the
military power of the great monarchies
The exception was the United Provinces
it formed its own colonial empire
18th century marks
the end of the Modern Age
the beginning of the Contemporary Age
political models since the 17th century
ended between the first years of the century
and its final decades
ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM
Additional reforms
Economic reforms
to increase income from the royal estate
Improvements in communication routes
agriculture
crafts
commerce
manual workers were taught skills
Political reforms
Regalist reforms
Regalists had their own entity
to gain privileges within the Church
the appointment of high positions like bishops and abbots
the tax exemptions enjoyed by the clergy
Catherine" The Great" (1729-1796)
empress of Russia between 1762 and 1796
was in contact with the most important Enlightenment thinkers of the period
Diderot
Voltaire
D'Alembert
only implemented the reformist ideas that strengthened her power
implemented reforms in central and provincial government
created different courts for
noblemen
the middle class
free peasants
Serfs were administered justice by their masters
Her harsh policies for peasants
led to uprisings
Monarchs that represented enlightened despotism
Louis XV of France
Frederick II of Prussia
Catherine II of Russia
Christian VII of Denmark
Gustav III of Sweden
Joseph II of Austria
