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SPAIN: THE BOURBON REFORMS AND THEIR LIMITS, image, image, image, image,…
SPAIN: THE BOURBON REFORMS AND THEIR LIMITS
THE WAR OF SUCCESSION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
When Carlos II of Habsburg died without children, there were two pretenders to the throne
the emperor’s son
Carlos of Habsburg
Prince
Felipe of Bourbon
Carlos II chose the Bourbon prince as his heir
Several kingdoms within the Hague Alliance declared war on France and on Felipe V
Hispanic Monarchy a civil war broke out in 1705 between supporters of the Habsburgs and the Bourbons
Felipe V had more supporters in the Crown of Castilla
Archduke in the Crown of Aragón, where there were uprisings in his favour.
Peace of Utrecht
1713
European war ended with the signing
Felipe V renounced his claim to the French throne and all commercial and territorial concessions to the Alliance powers
Hispanic Monarchy lost its European territories, in exchange for being recognised as king of Spain and the Indies
Nueva Planta decrees
1707, 1711 and 1715
to abolish the courts, fueros, diputaciones generales, customs and fiscal systems of the kingdoms of the Crown of Aragón
POLITICAL REFORMS
The Spanish Bourbons imposed a model of absolute monarchy inspired by the French absolutist system
FELIPE V (1683–1746)
Decisions made in the royal court were effective in the monarchy’s territories, Felipe V needed the support of the elites.
validos
acting as prime ministers
replaced by
cabinets
These were formed by ministers or secretarios de despacho, who were responsible for the main matters of government:
the fueros, laws, institutions, tax regimes and customs of
Navarra and the Basque provinces remained
viceroyalties of New Granada and Río de la Plata
Regalist policies
carried out in the Church
FOREIGN POLICY
‘Family Compacts’
Spanish kings to ally themselves with France
Seven Years’ War (1756–1763)
Treaty of Paris
war ended
confirmed British hegemony in the world, and Spain had to cede Florida to Great Britain
SPANISH POSSESSIONS DURING THE REIGN OF CARLOS III
BOURBON MONARCHS IN THE 18TH CENTURY
FELIPE V (1724–1746)
FERNANDO VI (1746–1759)
LUIS I (1724)
CARLOS III (1759–1788)
FELIPE V (1700–1724)
CARLOS IV (1788–1808)
ECONOMIC REFORMS: TRADE
Domestic trade
was difficult due to the rugged Spanish terrain
Foreign trade
was more important
in particular with America
Carlos III signed decrees approving free trade in various ports in the Iberian Peninsula and others from Spanish America
liberalisation of the grain trade
1765
Buying and selling these goods was usually regulated as this was essential to avoid famine
cause of popular revolts in 1766
ECONOMIC REFORMS: CRAFT
favoured the popular or domestic craft industry, especially the textile industry, and created trade schools
printed cotton fabrics
, Barcelona
Hispanic Monarchy set up
Royal manufacturers
factories created to make either luxury or basic products
Real Fábrica de Tapices de Santa Bárbara (Madrid)
