Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Antioxidants, sources, Non-Antioxidant roles, Nutrient interactions,…
Antioxidants
sources
Lycopene
Minerals
Copper, Zinc, Manganese
What is it?
cofactors by superoxide dismutase enzyme
protect against oxidative damage
sources
animal & plant proteins
Iron
what is it?
component of catalase antioxidant enzyme
decreases damaging action of hydrogen peroxide
converts into OH free radical
sources
animal & plant based proteins
Foods containing this nutrient are high in calcium
Watermelon, Guava, Apricot, Papaya, Pink Grapefruit,
Tomatoes and cooked tomato products
Non-Antioxidant roles
Immune system support
Protect against sun damage
Protect against age-related damages in macula
Nutrient interactions
Vitamin/Vitamin interactions
Taken w/ Vit K decreases effects of Vit K
Mineral/Vitamin interactions
Taken with Statins/Niacin benefit people w/ high cholesterol (Reducing Niacin effect)
Consumption
Unsafe Amount
Deficiency
Scurvy: Weakness, painful joints, bleeding gums, loose teeth, failure of wounds to heal, petechiae (pinpoint hemorrhage)
Widespread tissue breakdown: Collagen synthesis significantly impaired
Specifically at risk people: alcoholics, smokers, burn patients
Radicals are produced more with higher intakes of Alcohol and Tobacco, which is why the RDA recommends these people to ensure vitamin C or get more of it
Toxicity
Kidney stones, high intake leads to high kidney activity and must concentrate urine to excrete it
Rebound scurvy: Seen when abruptly stopping high intake
Pro-oxidant: Lots of vitamin c can release iron from storage proteins, where it will act like a free radical
Safe Amount
Improvements on Bodily Functions
:
As an Antioxidant
Reduces Free Radicals in the inter and extracellular fluid compartments as a reducing agent
As a Non-Antioxidant
Essential for Collagen synthesis
Enhances iron absorption
Unsafe Amount
Deficiency
Early deficiencies can affect jaw development leading to poor dental & nutritional health
Xerophthalima (dry eye) which can lead to blindness
Retina: night blindness having a slow recovery from flashes of light
Toxicity
Food intake: only animal foods can be toxic (esp for children)
Symptoms: loss of appetite, nausea, dry skin
Acute:
single large dose
Chronic:
regular intakes of 10x DRI over a period of time
Teratogenic
: supplemental Vit A taken during pregnancy
What is it?
Ascorbic Acid (Reduced Form)
Dehydroascorbic acid (oxidized form)
What is it?
Liver converts it to Retinol
Consumption
Safe Amount
Unsafe amount
Nutrient interactions
Taken w/ Vit E, C & Selenium decreases effect of niacin on good cholesterol levels
Nicain interacts & improves good cholesterol levels
Antioxidant roles
Clear in-vitro antioxidant
protects against oxidation of cell membranes & LDL
sources
Selenium
North Americans obtain most everyday selenium from bread, cereals, poultry, red meat, and eggs
highest source from brazil nuts and organ meats
beans, lentils, whole-wheat bread, fortified cereals, chicken, turkey, beef, fin fish, and shellfish
found naturally in foods due to plants obtaining selenium from soil, which will then affect the amount of selenium in animals eating those plants
amount of selenium in foods can vary widely depending on the selenium content of the soil in which it is grown
nutrient interaction
spares the use of vitamin E by reducing the number of free radicals for vitamin E to neutralize
sometimes taken w/ Vit C & E
consumption
safe amount
selenoproteins help make DNA and protect against cell damage and infections + antioxidant properties to help break down peroxides
also involved in reproduction and the metabolism of thyroid hormones
thyroid hormones necessary for regulating BMR, growth and development, and body temperature
Taking supplements can boost immune function
improving hair and nail health, and supporting a healthy thyroid (sometimes taken with Vitamin C and E)
toxicity
unsafe amount
through supplement use: excess intake could pose a risk of adverse health affects if use is not properly regulated
cause problems like stomach disorders, hair loss, or nail deformation
Nutrient Interactions
Vitamin A
Vitamins
Vitamin E
ㅤ
Consumption
Unsafe Amoun
t
Safe amount
non antioxidant roles
Required for successful reproduction
Inhibits enzyme required for platelet aggregation
Reduces platelet aggregation
Water-Soluble
Vitamin C
Beta-Carotene
interact w/ acitretin, alitretinon, bexarotene, & other products that contain Vit A (multivitaminas)
Deficiency
ㅤ
Preterm infants: are at greatest risk since Vit E is essential for growth
Hemolytic Anemia: loss of red blood cell membrane. RBCs cannot carry oxygen to cells for energy use
Roles
Cell membranes: neutralizes free radicals & maintains the integrity of membrane
Nuclear & mitochondrial membranes: helps protect the DNA from oxidative damage
Toxicity
ㅤ
Symptoms
ㅤ
Vit E augments effect of anticoagulants may lead to uncontrolled bleeding
Diarrhea
Nausea
Fatigue
Muscle weakness
Causes
Safe & not toxic. Intakes of 800-1200 mg/day
Sources
Mostly plants
Canola oil, Olive oils, Margarine
Meats & Fortified Cereals
Almonds, Peanuts, Peanut butter
Sources
Citrus, Bell Peppers, Tomatoes, Berries, Cruciferous Vegetables
Stability: Easily destroyed while cooking, best to consume produce raw for maximized absorption
Nutrient Interactions
Restores Vitamin E to active form for more activity against free radicals
Sources
Protein rich foods (animals)
Safe amount
Consumption
Improve bodily functions
Antioxidant roles
Retinoids (not considered antioxidants)
Non-Antioxidant roles
Help w/ vision (Retina, Cornea, Macula)
Growth, development & reproduction. Retinoid acid acts on DNA to code for proteins in cells.
What is it?
A-tocopherol
only form w/ effective biological activity
What is it?
Retinoids + carotenoids
Caretonids: proform Vit S
Retinoids: preformed vit A
Sources
plant based foods: orange & red fruit
Toxicity
Hypercarotenemia
: high intakes cause skin to turn orange but is harmless & reversible
Deficiency
may contribute to increased damage to DNS & onset epithelial cancers/heart disease
Nutrient Interactions
may slow blood clotting however may increase risk of bruising & bleeding
What is it?
A
phytochemical
that can play an antioxidant role in the body. It is a pigment or colouring for certain vegetables and fruits to the red colour
Safe Amount
Consumption
It inhibits or reduces the risk of chronic diseases, cancer cells, specifically prostate cancer. Also can be used for cancer treatment.
toxicity
Unsafe Amount
low blood pressure, gastrointestinal issues, increased risk of bleeding or skin turning orange
deficiency
development of chronic diseases and several different types of cancer
deficiency
if people live in areas with lower-selenium soil, transport of food across the region + use of fortified foods and supplements reduced the risk of deficiency
conditions associated with severe selenium deficiency
Keshan disease
(type of cardiomyopathy or disease in heart muscle) +
Kashin-Beck
disease(form of osteoarthritis)
Role
selenoproteins for protection against oxidative stress initiated by excess reactive oxygen species(ROS) and reactive nitrogen species(NOS)