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Chap 7: response in diverse society - Coggle Diagram
Chap 7: response in diverse society
management and impact of socio-cultural diversity
assimilation: France
-2014, immigrants made up 8.9% of population
-adopt practice and beliefs of majority group
assimilation policies
education
-discussion of religion only allowed in history and philosophy classes
-adaptation classes for immigrants to learn French language
employment
-Diversity Charter for companies to declare they are discrimintaion-free
Naturalisation Programme
-to gain Permanent Resident (PR) status, must attend naturalisation programme, French language classes and civic education
tension in France
-2004, ban on display of religous items, muslim cannot wear head scarfs, sikhs could not wear crosses, leading to protests
integration: Singapore
-PR status granted to 30,000 immigrants yearly
integration policies
bilingualism
-english main language, mandarin, malay, tamil as mother tongue
Presidential Council for Minority Rights (PCMR)
-will not pass any law discriminatory to minorities, minority groups are represented
Group Representation Constituencies (GRC)
-one member of teams contesting in elections must be from any of minority ethnic group
Ethnic Integration Policy (EIP)
-all HDB estates must have balance of ethnic groups
promoting integration in Singapore
The Singapore Citizenship Journey (SCJ)
-developed by National Integration Council (NIC)
-complete SCJ to receive Singapore citizenship
common experiences
-National Service, all male Singaporeans and 2nd generation male PR defend the country
-community events, NIC set up Community Integration Fund (CIF) to provide financial support for integration events
-People's Association (PA) organise block parties, celebration of festivals
tensions in Singapore
-eroding national identity with increasing immigrants
-decrease job security, increase job competition
management and impact of socio-economic diversity
market based approach: USA
features of US healthcare system
-58% non-profit private hospitals, 21% profit-making hospitals, 25% public government hospitals
-government does not interfere with pricing
affordability of US healthcare system
-USA population around 320 million, about 41 million do not have healthcare insurance
-medicare: 65 years and older, serious disabilities & ailments
-medicaid: those with very limited income, serious disabilities
-Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labour Act (EMTALA), law stating compulsory for all hospitals to provide care for anyone needing emergency treatment until condition stabilises
challenges of US healthcare system
-Obamacare 2014, allow all americans to afford health insurance
shared responsibility approach in Singapore
features of Singapore healthcare system
-private: General Practioner (GP) clinics
-public: polyclinics
-1500 private clinics, 18 polyclinics
-community hospitals, nursing homes for patients requirng long term care
-3Ms
healthcare takes up 4% of country's GDP
affordability of Singapore healthcare system
subsidies
-Community Health Assist Scheme (CHAS), affordable medical and dental care from private clinics
-1.3 million Singaporeans eligible
medisave
-compulsory medical savings scheme, contribute part of monthly wage
MediShield Life
-compulsory healthcare insurance, contribute money to national pool
Medifund
-endowment fund by government, provided to those who still cannot afford cost even after Medisave and MediShield
challenges of Singapore's healthcare system
managing growing demand for healthcare
-by 2030, 1 million Singaporeans aged >65 years
rising healthcare costs
-pateints seek treatment only when needed, doctors prescibe neccessary treatments
government-financed approach in Sweden
features
-near free healthcare for all citizens regardless of socio-economic background
affordability
-9 euros per day if hospitalised, capped at 122 euros per year
-maximum 244 euros for all children, subsequent fees are free
challenges
-Value Added Tax (VAT) very high at 25%
-EU membership can also access to free healthcare