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SLEEP - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Beta Waves
        Associated with alertness + intense mental activity. Associated with NWC. High frequency and low amplitude waves.
      - Alpha Waves
        Associated with physical relaxation, internally focused, eyes closed. Rhythmic medium/high frequency (slower than beta) and low amplitude waves (higher than beta).
      - Theta Waves
        Associated with drowsiness, falling asleep, just before waking, deep meditation. Medium frequency and some low and high amplitude waves.
      - Delta Waves
        Associated with deep, dreamless, sleep (stage 3-4). Low frequency and high amplitude waves.
    - - Stimulants
        Drugs that increase activity in the CNS and the rest of the body (e.g caffeine, cocaine, nicotine). They therefore have an alerting, activating effect. When stimulants are used, there is a pattern of increased beta wave activity, and decreased delta, alpha and theta activity.
      - Depressants
        Drugs that decrease activity in the CNS and the rest of the body (e.g. alcohol, morphine, sleeping pills). Generally, their effects result in a state of calm, relaxation, drowsiness, sleep, etc.When depressants are used, there is a pattern of reduced beta wave activity and increased delta, alpha and theta activity.
- - - - Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
        Light is the main cue that influences the sleep-wake cycle. An area of the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) received info about the amount of incoming light and adjusts our sleep-wake cycle accordingly. It does this by sending messages to the nearby pineal glans to secrete more or less of the hormone melatonin. High melatonin = greater drowsiness. When there is less light, more melatonin is secreted, and it makes us drowsy. Levels in our bloody stay elevated through the night, then fall back to daytime levels before the light of the new day. When light is detected, our SCN also increases our body temperature and release cortisol to promote alertness.
- - - - Symptoms
        
        Regular failure to fall asleep within 20-39 mins of wanting to fall asleep
        
        Complains of poor quality sleep
        
        Occurs at least 3 times a week, for at least 3 months
        
        Difficulty occurs despite opportunity to sleep
        
        Not due to another sleep disorder
        
        DIfficulty to fall asleep causes impairment with daily life
      - Effects on Sleep Wake Cycle
        
        Generally, individual experiences changes in amount, restfulness, timing of sleep
        
        Common complaint that sleep occurs later than desired
        
        Many people are anxious, frustrated, stressed
        
        Continuous delayed sleep onset could alter the sleep-wake cycle completely
  - - - Symptoms
        
        Occurs during stages 3-4 of NREM
        
        Sleep walker's eyes are usually open, but have a blank stare
        
        Movements often occur in clumsy and confused manner
        
        May walk towards a stimulus like light or noise, or walk aimlessly
        
        Children usually walk to parents bedroom
        
        Sleep talking may also occur
        
        Rarely last over 15 mins, or more than once a night
        
        Will nor normally be remembered
        
        Usually perform easy, well learnt activities such as eating, cleaning, brushing teeth, etc.
      - Effect on Sleep Wake Cycle
        
        Typically occurs during the first third of a sleep episode, during stage 3 and 4 of NREM
        
        Difficult to wake someone who is sleepwalking up
        
        If they are awoken, they may struggle to fall back to sleep quickly, and may lose sleep
        
        Sleepwalking has been linked to daytime fatigue, although its effects are not severe