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Integumentary Victoria Sanchez Per 2 - Coggle Diagram
Integumentary Victoria Sanchez Per 2
Major Functions of the Skin
6 MAIN functions of the skin
Metabolic Functions
Synthesize vitamin D
Collagenase prevents wrinkles
Keratinocytes activate hormones
Blood Resovoir
5% of body blood volume
Cutaneous Sensations
Sensory receptors apart of nervous system
Free nerve endings sense pain
Excretion of Wastes
Secretes nitrogenous wastes
Ammonia
Urine
Body Temperature Regulation
500mL of unnoticeable sweat produced
Dilation of dermal vessels=increased sweat
Cools the body
Protection
3 main barriers
Chemical
Secretes:
Sweat
Cells secrete antimicrobial defensin
Sebum
Melanin works as protection from UV
Biological
DNA absorbs UV
Dermis=macrophanges
Physical
Flat, dead, keratinized cells
Contains limited penetration:
Drug agents
Some drugs
nitroglycerin
Organic solvent
acetone
Plant oleoresins
poison iv
Lipid-soluble substances
Salts of heavy metal
(lead
Layers of the Skin
Dermis
Fibrious tissue
Vascular
Strong and flexible
4 cells includes
Fibroblasts
Macrophanges
White Blood cells
Mast cells
DOES contain nerves & blood vessles
2 Layers
Papilary
Superficial layer
Reticular
Makes up 80% thickness
Lower layer
Hypodermis ( aka superficial )
NOT apart of the skin
Adipose tissue
Epidermis
Epithelial tissue
Avascular
5 Strata layers
Stratum Grandulosum
4-6 layers thick
Keratinization begins
Stratum Spinosum
Prickly
Several layers thick
Stratum Lucidum
Found ONLY in thick skin
DEAD keratinocytes
Stratum Basal ( outermost layer )
Mitotic
10-25% of melanocytes
Stratum Corneum ( Superficial )
20-30 rows of no cells
Dead cells
Prevent water loss
1 more item...
Keratinized squamous cells
4 types of cells found
Keratinocytes
Produces keratin
A protective surface
Dendritic Cells
Key activators of immune
Tactile Cells
Sense touch
Melanocytes
Produce melanin
Accessory Organs
Sweat Glands
2 types
Eccrine
Palms,soles,forehead
Apocrine
Axillary & Agenital
AKA Sudoiferous
Sebaceous Glands
Secretes sebum
Widely distributed
Nails
Contains hard keratin
Acts as protective layer
Hair
Produced by hair follicles
Hard keratin
2 regions
Hair Root
Within scalp
keratinization is still going o
Hair Shaft
Cortex: Several layers of flat cells
Cuticle : overlappings of single cells
Medulla: center of larger cells
Skin Cancers and ABCD
3 Major types of Skin cancers
Squamous cell carcinoma
Second most common
Can easily spread
Radiation therapy/surgically incised
Melanoma
MOST dangerous type
Cancer of mature melanin cells
Highly metastatic and chemo resistant
Surgically excised/immunotherapy
KEY TO SURVIVAL: ABCD
Rule B: Border irregularity, indention's
Rule C: Color, ( black,brown,tan,red,blue )
Rule A: Asymmetry, do NOT match
Rule D: Diameter, larger than 6mm
Basal cell carcinoma
most common
LEAST deadly/harmful
Invades dermis and below
Rules of Nine
: The severity of burns
11 main sections
Genital area : 1%
Head & neck: 4.5% each
Torso/abdomen : 18%
The arms: 4.5% each, 2.25 if its only upper/lower
9% if it's the entire front and back of arm
18% if its both arms front and back
Legs: 9% for front but 18% for front and back
Used to estimate fluid loss
Degrees of Burns
Tissue damage caused by :
Electricity
Radiation
Heat
Burns classified by severity
Second-degree
Epidermal and dermal damage
Blisters
Critical if >25% burns
Third-degree
ENTIRE thickness involved
Skin color changes to:
Cherry red
Blackened
Gray-white
Nerve endings destroyed
10% is severe
First-degree
Only in epidermis
Redness,swelling,pain