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TOPIC 1 : THE DYNAMICS OF EU INTEGRATION - Coggle Diagram
TOPIC 1 : THE DYNAMICS OF EU INTEGRATION
THEORIES OF INTEGRATION
( theories of cooperation between EU countries)
FUNCTIONALISM & NEO-FUNCTIONALISM
functionalism
represents an incremental approach to integration
harmonise discrete areas/ specific sectors e.g coal, steel
neo-functionalism
based on the
'spillover' effect
- integration in one area creates pressure for integration in another
based on the inter-connectedness of the economy
LIBERAL INTERGOVERNMENTALISM
says that
states are the driving force behind integration
- supranational actors are there at the state's request - because of this the actors have little independent impact on the pace of integration
demand for integration depends on national preferences
MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE
rests on the assumption that
supranational institutions help national governments to obtain policy goals
that could not be achieved by independent action
RATIONAL CHOICE INSTITUTIONALISM
comes from
rational choice theory
-> humans use rational calculations to make rational choices and achieve outcomes that are aligned with their personal objectives
importance of institutions
ensure member states live up to their commitments
CONSTRUCTIVISM
do not exist independently from our social setting (where preferences are made)- we are influenced by our social setting
institutions embody social norms
EEC TO EU : KEY MILESTONES
Benelux Agreement 1947
between Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg
Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)1948
Council of Europe 1949
*The Schuman Declaration 1951
proprosed the creation of the EEC
created the EEC under the eventual Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Paris 1951
established the EEC
created supranational authority for the first time in europe
high authority integrated coal and steel industries of 6 member states
deemed successful
The Messina Conference 1955
The Treaty of Rome 1957
EEC
common institutions
customs union
common market objective
other polices where competence was ceded
EURATOM
European atomic energy community
establishes a single market for the trade in nuclear materials and technology
committed signatories to progressive abolishment of customs duties
established a single set of import duties
Period of stagnation in 1960s -
*EUROSCLEROROSIS
Empty chair crisis
Charles de Gaulle boycotted European institutions due to issues he had regarding new political proposals by the European Commission
Luxembourg Accords 1966
an agreement reached in January 1966 to resolve the "Empty Chair Crisis"
SINGLE EUROPEAN ACT 1986
'step towards european union'
co-operation procedure - enhanced role for european parliament
Court of First Instance -> General Court
increased use of Qualified Majority vote in council
legal basis for monetary union
has means to overcome era of 'eursclerosis'
MAASTRICHT TREATY/TREATY ON EUROPEAN UNION 1992
aimed to create a European Monetary union
pagoda structure:
pillar 1
: European Community Common Policies - citizenship, subsidiarity, human rights.
EEC-> EC
supranational decision-making
pillar 2
: common foreign and security policy : external action, peace and security
pillar 3
: police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters : develop cooperation and coherence amongst european police forces
TREATY OF AMSTERDAM 1997
'housekeeping treaty'
prepare the institutions for further enlargement
High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
enhanced cooperation
Petersberg Tasks
qualified majority voting
- different voting weights are assigned to each MS depending on population size
TREATY OF NICE 2001
'leftovers treaty'
to complete the process started by the Treaty of Amsterdam
in preparing for enlargement’
ammendments to Pillar 1, CFSP,
rejected in Irish referendum
increased cooperation between : cross-boarder crime, police forces
CONSTITUTIONAL TREATY 2004
'treaty that never was'
recognition of constitutional status of EU law
'Convention on the Future of Europe'- conference that invited input from the public- discussions were led by french politician
called for a more federal approach -> problematic
TREATY OF LISBON 2007
'The Reform Treaty'
7 articles: 1 & 2 contain amendments to TEU and EC ->
TFEU
structural reforms : affording Treaty Status to the Charter of Fundamental Rights
institutional reforms : new positions in EU
aim : set out a clear system of EU governance with specific delineated objectives internally and externally