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(The response to Luther, Luther Challenges the Church, England becomes…

- - - - All he wanted to be was a good Christen, not a religious revolution
        
        In 1517, Luther decided to take a public stand against
        the actions of a friar named Johann Tetzel. Tetzel was raising money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome. He did this by selling indulgences.
        
        Luther was troubled by Tetzel’s tactics. In response, he wrote 95 theses, or formal statements, attacking the “pardon-merchants.”
        
        On October 31, 1517, he posted these statements on the door of the castle church in Wit-tenberg and invited other scholars to debate him. Someone copied Luther’s words and took them to a printer.
        
        On October 31, 1517, he posted these statements on the door of the castle church in Wit-tenberg and invited other scholars to debate him. Someone copied Luther’s words and took them to a printer.
        
        With the support of the printing press, Luther’s name and ideas soon were advertised to people and groups all over Germany. His actions began the Reformation, a movement for religious reform.
        
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        a grant by the Pope of remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due for sins after absolution. The unrestricted sale of indulgences by pardoners was a widespread abuse during the later Middle Ages.
        
        Why was Martin Luther unhappy with the sale of indulgences?
        
        Indulgences were not supposed to affect God’s right to judge. Tetzel gave people the impression that by buy-ing indulgences, they could buy their way into heaven.
        
        Change
- - - - Because he thinks his 42 year old wife is too old to have another child, he wants a divorce.
        
        Which isn't the Catholic way
        
        So he instead of taking no as an answer he makes several laws that ends the pope's power so he can finally divorce his wife.
        
        In 1534 Henry gets his divorce.
        
        In 1533 he secretly marries a different woman in her 20's
        
        She gave birth to a girl and was charged with treason and beheaded.
        
        After this he took on a third wife, this time she gave birth to a son. Although she died 2 weeks later.
        
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        Elizabeth is the name of the child.
        
        The refusal of Pope Clement VII to annul Henry's marriage to Catherine, triggered a break between Henry and Rome soon leading to the English Reformation
        
        After several attempts to persuade the Pope to grant an annulment Henry passed the Act of Succession, and soon the Act of Supremacy. It recognized that the King was "the supreme head of the Church of England called 'Angelica Ecclesia'
        
        Why did Henry want a divorce?
        
        Since he wants a son to be the heir the throne, to him, having a daughter isn't acceptable.
        
        Religeon
      - His wife Catherine of Aragon borne him 6 children two of them being sons but all except Mary were either stillborn, or died in early infancy
- - - - Rulers began to challenge the Church’s political power.
        
        Northern merchants resented paying church taxes to Rome
        
        What were some criticisms of the Catholic Church before the Reformation?
        
        By 1500, additional forces weakened the Church.
        
        Critics of the Church claimed that its leaders were corrupt
        
        They said the popes were too busy with worldly affairs (getting money and spending it) than focusing on religious topics.
        
        What were some of the forces that challenged the church’s authority by 1500?
        
        Many priests and monks were so poorly educated that they could scarcely read, let alone teach people. Others broke their priestly vows by marrying, and some drank to excess or gambled.
        
        Many Europeans were reading religious works and forming their own opinions about the Church.
        
        Christian humanists added their voices to criticisms. Which showed that you can still have religious beliefs and be open to the humanistic way.
        
        Continuity
        
        Religion
        
        The Reformation began in the early 1500s and lasted into the 1600s. Until then, all Christians in western Europe were Catholics. However, even before the Reformation, the Church's religious and moral authority was starting to weaken. One reason for the weakening of the Church was the humanism of the Renaissance. Humanists often were secular, or nonreligious, in their thinking, and they believed in free thought and questioned many accepted beliefs.
        https://www.cusd49.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Reformation-Begins.pdf
        
        Culture