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Societies in Africa - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Africa is the second largest continent in the world it stretches 4,600 miles from east to west and 5,000 from north to south
  - - - https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/diseases/african-sleeping-sickness-african-trypansosomiasis
  - - - Culture
      - 40 percent of the continent is Savanna
        
        most summers the savannas offer and support abundant agricultural production
    - - Dry seasons alternate with rainy seasons normally 2 a year
        
        African topsoil is very thin and during rainy seasons the minerals get stripped away
        
        https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/a46719d21108458285f71451c533cf82
    - - Social systems
- - - - the first city, DJenne-Djeno was the flourishing center of trade in this region and was developed between 600 BC and 200 BC
        
        What are some possible reasons that Djenne-Djeno was abandoned?
        
        The trade was coming into other parts of the country and wasn't as popular in that region, with no money supply, they move where the money goes.
    - - The ability to melt iron was a major technological achievement in Nok of sub-Saharan Africa , which helped them develop trade
        
        Trade Systems
        
        Traded rice, fish and pottery for copper, gold and salt
      - What major changes affected societies during Africa’s Iron Age?
        
        some major changes where having new weaponry for farming, military use and the business of trade .
        
        fished and herded cattles, while farming rice
- - - - They organized into groups call lineages
        
        they would sometimes take the place of rulers
        
        When the igbo people had problems they looked towards the respected elders for guidance
        
        While not from central africa they did shar many similar attributes
        
        They had many problems with european colonizers because they expected one leader
        
        Societies like the igbo use the age set system
        
        Government systems
        
        age set system
        
        in many african societies young people from close ties to those outside their lineage through the age set system
        
        n age set consists of young people within a region who are born during a certain time period.
        
        each age set passes through clearly identifiable life stages
        
        men and women have different life stages has its own duties
    - - members of a patrilineal society trace their ancestors back through their fathers
        
        inheritance goes from father to son
      - in a matrinal society they trace their lineage through their mothers
        
        young menn inherit land from their mothers family
        
        even in matrilineal men usually hold authority
      - Social systems
      - How is lineage important to stateless societies?
        
        it is how they the ruled and every person's power got passed down in specific ways, it was also to who would inherit what
    - - they also created a belief system that helped them understand and organize information about their world
        
        many of these religions were polytheistic, which means there is one god with many secondary gods
        
        they also believed in elemenst of animism
        
        a belief system in which spirits spirits play an important role in everyday life
        
        animist believe that spirist are present in animals, plants, and other natural forces
        
        in most the supreme godwas not involved in the humans lives, the nature spirits and the spirits of ancestors were responsible for life's events
        
        1 more item...
        
        What were some religious beliefs of many early Africans?
        
        they were poly theistic and believed in multiple gods
    - - most stories were spread by word of mouth passed from parent to child
        
        recent discoveries prved how old their societies were
        
        this reveals that they had advanced societies long before outsiders came
      - Why were oral traditions important in early Africa?
        
        because they didn't have written language