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Russia + Opposition from West - Coggle Diagram
Russia + Opposition from West
Lenin's Decree of Peace
26 October
peace w/ noa nnexations, no indemnities
brink of civil war
rapidly deteriorating Russia under threat from Germany
West saw surrender as betrayal
murder of Tsar + familiy horrified W EU
anger compounded by seizure of all Western assets by Communist gov
Lenin committed to spreading World Revolution
Outcast of EU
civil war: foreign armies helped Whites fight Reds, army of new communist gov
exclusion from peace conference at Versailles
exclusion from League of Nations
non recognition of Soviet Union
Bad conditions post war
Industry
raw matierals from overseas couldn't reach Russia
shortages of raw meat + finished goods
majority of shortages of supplies and weapons
Transport
underdeveloped railway-had to cope w/ pressures of moving large quantities of troops + supplies, difficult to keep citites supplied w/ food
Economic
1916 inflation 200%
value of rouble fallen
price of goods increased
Security fears
fear of invasion, frontier NW + W 3200km + lacked natural boundaries, fear of capitalist states
Economic backwardness, aware of technological inferiority + need for Western technology
Ideology, Orthodox Marxism-need for revolution if socialism was to survive, spread revolution at home + abroad threatened West-mistrust
Lenin's aims
ensure survival of new Communist state against hostile neighbours
spread world revolution
peace in WW1
"Twin Track"
approach, later became
peaceful co-existence
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918
hesitation caused Germans to advance further + impose more sever demands
Bolshevik Central Committee meeting 21 Jan-Lenin got his way with peace
"matierally exhausted", "breathing space to recuperate", "shall renew the fight"
Terms:
62 million lost- 16% of total population
27% farm land, 26% railway lines + 74% iron ore + coal reserves
Estonia, Latvia + Lithuania independent republics
Georgia + Ukraine semi-independent gocs (Ukraine most important grain producing area)
justified on ideological grounds-they'd regain the lost territories
Comintern 1919
world revolution
Zinoviev president
appeal to workers of all countries to support Soviet regime by all means, even revolutionary
Hungary Bela Kun brief gov 1920
Germany Spartacist uprising in Berlin + short lived republic in Munich
Communist parties had to be organised on Leninist principles-centralisation + discipline
parties had to prepare for civil war by establishing underground organisations, spreading revolutionay propaganda + cells in trade unions
party programmes had to be approved, otherwise expulsion
Br + Sp demanded freedom-denied
Civil war + foreign intervention
Whites:
Social revolutionaries
Mensheviks
tsarists
former army officers
landlords who lost their land
America, Britain, France + Japan main supporters of Whites-after T of V help dried up-no desire for communism nor fighting
USSR vulnerable position