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UNIT 54. HUMORISM AND COSMOPOLITANISM - Coggle Diagram
UNIT 54. HUMORISM AND COSMOPOLITANISM
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
AFTER WAR OF INDEPENDENCE --> PERIOD OF GROWTH
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING AND TRANSPORTATION
STEAMBOATS RIVER
AGE OF REFORM
BREACH BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH (INDUSTRY VS SLAVERY)
IGNITION FOR CIVIL WAR
REPUBLICAN PARTY --> SOUTH WANTS TO WITHDRAW
ABRAHAM LINCOLN --> SOUTH GOODBYE, WAR STARTS
FOUR YEARS --> SOUTH SURRENDERS, SLAVERY ABOLISHED
SOUTH STILL AGAINST EQUALITY: KKK
LITERARY BACKGROUND
COLONISATION OF THE WEST: MYTH OF THE WEST
WILDERNESS MASTERED COLONISTS --> MEETING POINT BETWEEN SAVAGES AND CIVILISATION
MOVED IN WAVES: TIP OF MOVEMENTS (PEOPLE CHANGED WITH CONTACT)
MOVEMENT AWAY FROM EUROPE AND RAISE OF MAERICAN POLITICS AND IDEALS.
AMERICANISM, INDIVIDUALISM
LITERATURE
MOST AUTHORS FOLLOWED EUROPEAN MODELS
COOPER AND WHITMAN LITERARY INDEPENDENCE
ATTITUDE LANGUAGE CHANGED
PRIMITIVE ORGANISATION OF FAMILIES
CONDITIONS TOUGH: INCLUDE HUMOUR (ORIGIN OF HUMORISM)
AFTER WAR: AUTHORS TALKED ABOUT INTERNAL PROBLEMS
MELANCHOLY AND EXAGGERATION
MARK TWAIN
LIFE
SAMUEL CLEMENS, BORN IN MISOURI
FAMILY: PARENTS, SIBLINGS AND SLAVE JENNY
DEATH OF BROTHER: MOVE TO HANNIBAL (ESTABLISHED BOYHOOD AND YOUTH INSPIRATION)
HANNIBAL SETTING FOR NOVELS, HAPPY DAYS (SWIMMING, FRIENDS, BOATS IN RIVER)
DEATH OF FATHER: APPRENTICE TO PRINTER AND JOURNALIST
WORK NEWSPAPERS: READ NEWS FROM WORLD
WRITING: GILDED AGE (1800 ERA OF CORRUPTION AND EXPLOITION)
WAR
CONFEDERATE ARMY (NOT INDENTIFIED)
STORIES AND SKETCHES
PEN-NAME FOR COMEDIC COLUMNS
MARK TWAIN REMEMBRANCE OF BOAT PILOT
DIVIDER LINE, LEVELS OF WATER (SHALLOW, DANGEROUS DEEP)
TRAVELED ABROAD TO INDIA, AUSTRALIA AND AFRICA:
THE INNOCENTS ABROAD
:warning:
HUMOUR
FERACIOUS AND AGGRESSIVE: CITY WITH NO LAW
SATIRE DEGRADED BEAUTY (POPULAR APPEAL)
LIKED TO DESTROY FRAUD, PRETENSE AND SHAME
EUROPE DIFFERENT AMERICA: CONTENTS MATTER. AMERICA WAY OF TELLING THINGS
SOURCE OF HUMOUR: SORROW RATHER THAN JOY.
PERSONALITY
GREAT CONSTRAST
FAITH HIMSELF - DEPRESSION AND SELF-DOUBT
CYNICAL AND PESSIMISCTI - SUCCESS OF LIFE
HUMOURIST BUT WORKS VALUED DEATH AND DENIED COMIC VIEW OF LIFE
SURVIVED WIFE AND CHILDREN: TORMENT
WITNESS OF HISTORY. FROM A NATION TORN APART INTERNAL CONFLICT - INTERNATIONAL POWERS
THEMES
CRITIQUE OF HIS OWN SOCIETY
ROUGHING IT
: :warning: CALIFORNIA WILD AND GROTESQUE
MONEY SOLUTION TO ALL
DECAY OF CIVILISATION AS FARCE
HUCKLEBERRY FIN
:warning:
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
PROBLEMS OF NAVIGATION
RACES, PILOTS...
OWN EXPERIENCE
LITERARY PRODUCTION: PERIODS
TRAVEL NARRATIVES
REPORTS OF OTHER CULTURES, RESULT OF TRAVEL
STEREOTYPES
CLASSIFIES THEM IN EXAGGERATED CATEGORIES
NOVELS
TOM SAWYER
FIRST BIG SUCCESS
WRITTEN FOR ADULTS
TOM IDEAL OF AMERICANISM AND YOUTH
NOT PERFECT THOUGH
USE OF REALISM
HUCKLEBERRY FINN
SECOND SUCCESS, OVERSHADOWED TOM SAWYER
MORE MATURE, WIDER SEGMENT OF HUMAN EXPERIENCE
FINN NARRATOR: LOVES WILDERNESS AND FREEDOM
TRAVELS ALONG RIVER WITH JIM (MEET ALL KIND OF PEOPLE: THIEVES, MURDERERS, LIARS...)
GRANTED FREEDOM
FINN LEAVES VILLAGE: REFUSES TO ACCEPT ESTABLISHED VALUES
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
LIFE ON MISSISSIPPI
:warning:
IMPRESSIONS AND SKETCHES OF GREAT RIVER
MEMORY OR DIRECT OBSERVATION
OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS
ABILITY TO CREATE CHARACTERS: LIVING AND MEMORABLE (UNCLE TOM)
USE LANGUAGE: REPRODUCES EVERYDAY LANGUAGE, SIMPLE AND COLLOQUIAL SYNTAX
FIRST STYLIST WROTE IN AMERICAN LANGUAGE
REALIST AND REGIONALIST
HENRY JAMES
OPPOSITE IDEA OF REGIONALISM: COSMOPOLITANISM --> FIGURE OF HENRY JAMES
TWAIN REPRESENTATIVE OF AMERICAN AND FRONTIER LITERATURE
JAMES EXPATRIATE LIVED IN EUROPE AND ADAPTED LIFE AND LITERARY CONVENTIONS
COSMOPOLITANISM
: LITERARY MOVEMENT, ATTEMPT TO CROSS BOUNDARIES, FRONTIERS AND NATIONALISM
STRESSES GLOBAL NATURE OF LIFE
HENRY JAMES GROUP OF EXPATRIATES, TRAVELED TO EUROPE (PARIS AND LONDON)
RESERVATIONS ABOUT THEIR COUNTRY AND CRITICISED VALUES
EUROPE ART WAS SUPERIOR TO AMERICAN
SNOBBISH
IMPOSSIBLE FOR AN OUTSIDER TO TELL IF AMERICAN OR ENGLISH
AMERICAN ENOUGH: NATIVE VIGOUR TO EUROPE
CREATIVE ENOUGH TO USE WINDE RANGE OF LITERARY THROUGH MANNERS AND CULTURES
SEEN AS A TRAITOR
THEMES
INTERNATIONAL THEME
LIVED IN EUROPE: WROTE ABOUT AMERICANS LIVING IN EUROPE
CONCEPT OF EUROPE
SUPER IMPORTANT: OLD CIVILISATION AND VALUES THAT AMERICA LACKED
RESTRICTS AMERICAN'S PASSION AND PURSUIT OF ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES
INVESTIGATION AND MEASUREMENT OF QUALITIES AND TRAITS OF CULTURES. MIGHT TOGETHER GIVE WAY TO IDEAL SITUATION
EUROPE ABSORBS AMERICA
SOCIAL CRITICISM
THE BOSTONIANS
:warning:
SOCIAL SATIRE OF SOCIAL REFORMS UNDERTAKEN AND SELF-CONCIOUS CONFLICT
ABOLITIONISTS BOSTON AND UN-RECONSSTRUCTED SOUTH
WHAT MAISIE KNEW
AND
THE AWKWARD AGE
:warning: SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT IN MORAL CRISIS
LITERATURE MARKED BY HIS HIGH DEGREE OF ETHICAL CONSCIOUSNESS
ACUTE MORAL SENSE PRESENT IN BOTH EVALUATION OF EXPERIENCE OF CONCIOUSNESS
AND TENDENCY TO CHOOSE FOR CHARACTERS: INTELLIGENT AND HIGH MORAL
EXPERIMENTS WITH POINTS OF VIEW
READER LED BY OPINION OF NARRATOR
RELIES ON HIS POINT OF VIEW: MYSTERY AND AMBIGUITY
THE TURN OF THE SCREW
:warning:
DESCRIPTION OF GHOSTS: REAL OR HALLUCINATIONS?
GHOST STIRY, PSICHIATRIC CASE, JAMES' OWN HAUNTED STATE
LIFE
BORN IN NEW YORK
STUDIED ABROAD (WEALTHY FAMILY)
ATTENDED HARVARD LAW SCHOOL
PREFERED WRITING: MOST IMPORTANT NEWSPAPER
ARTICLES, CRITICAL WRITINGS
TRAVELED EUROPE: MOVED TO PARIS, LONDON AND RYE.
DIED 1916: BRITISH CITIZEN ONE YEAR PRIOR
PROMINENT PUBLIC FIGURE
ADMIRED FOR WIT AND WEIGHT OF CONVERSATION
RESPECTED BY CRITICS: QUALITY OF LITERATURE
LITERARY PRODUCTION: PERIODS
INTERNATIONAL THEME
AMERICANS IN EUROPE AND THEIR PROBLEMS
PORTRAIT OF A LADY
MASTERPIECE (PEAK) AFTER DAISY MILLER
ISABEL ARCHER MOVES TO EUROPE
HERITANCE AND MARRYING AN EXPATRIATE: IMPRISONMENT
MORAL TALE: HALFWAY TRAGEDY AND MELODRAMA
INTERNATIONAL THEME: AMERICA GOOD WILL BUT LACKS TRADITIONS
SETS STORIES IN
AMERICA
: GAIN RECOGNITION AND SUCCESS.
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF THE PERIOD
RETURNS TO
INTERNATIONAL THEME
BUT DIFF APPROACH
PROSE MORE ELLIPTICAL AND AMBIGUOUS
MIXES IT WITH METAPHORS AND WITTY DIALOGUES
COMPLEXITY OF INNER LIFE
THE AMBASSADORS
AND
THE WINGS OF THE DOVE
:warning: