Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
PLASTICS - Coggle Diagram
PLASTICS
-
Stone and ceramics
Stone
These are materials found in nature as large blocks of rock within the Earth. We can also find them in different-sized granules and fragments such as sand and gravel
Marble and granite
-
-
-
-
-
Used on floors and walls, in architecture and in sculpture
-
Slate
-
-
-
Extracted from the Eanh in smooth, flat pieces that are cut and pressed
-
-
Stone binders
Sand and gravel are used directly to make asphalt and also for binders, which are used to 'bind' or join other matenals together
Binders
-
Mortar
Used to hold together construction matenals like brick, cement block and paving stone, and to make artificial stone
Plaster
Used to make archways, partitions, and as a covering for walls and paving, etc
Concrete
Used to make foundations for buildings, bridges, etc
-
-
Glass
Me made glass by mixing soda and limestone. We heat this mixture to 1400 degrees, then it melts and form a paste
It is waterproof, smooth and hard. It is resistant to enviromental conditions and to chemical compounds. It is a good thermal, acoustic and electrical insulator
Shaping techniques
Mould blowing
We put the paste into a mould, we inject compressed air and the paste adhere to the sides of the mould
Float glass making
We float molten glass on top of a layer of molten tin. The glass spreads to form a sheet that we pass through a system of rollers.
We leave it to cool
Lamination
We pass the soft material through a system of rollers The rollers
smooth, or engraved to create a design on the glass
Formation techniques
-
Vacuum forming
We put thermoplastic into a mould, then we use a heater to heat the mould and soften the plastic, next we extract the air below the sheet so the plastic is pulled inside the walls, finally we leave the mould to cool and remove the obiect
Extrusion
We put a thermoplastic in granular form in a previously heated cylinder, then we apply pressure through a nozzle, next we cool the material slowly with water and finally we collect the pieces of plastic
Moulding
Injection
We inject melted thermoplastic into a mould, then when the material is cooled and solidified, we extract it from the
mould
Blow moulding
We put a tubular-shaped piece of plastic into a hollow mould which has the same shape as the object we want to make, then we pressure air into the mould so the plastic adheres to the sides of the mould and takes its shape, finally we catch the object when it is cold
Compression
We put thermostable plastic into the base of a cavity mould, then we close the outher part of the cavity to compress the material inside, next we heat it and it becomes soft and malleable, then the plastic adapts to the shape of the cavity and fanally we extract the object when it is cooled and solified
Origin
Natural
They are obtained from raw vegetable materials like cellulose, latex and animal proteins
Synthetic
They are made from compounds extracted from
petroleum, natural gas and carbon. They are the majority of plastics
Polymerisation
-
We can add materials such as fibreglass, textile fibres, paper, silica and sawdust. That reduces production costs and develop certain characteristics
-
Classification
Thermoplastics
-
-
When we heat them, they become soft
Thermostable
-
-
When heated, they become soft and can be shaped
Elastomers
They are made made by vulcanisation, that is mixing sulphur and rubber, and heating it up to 160 degrees
They are hard, resistant and very elastic
Textiles and leather
-
-
Synthetic fibres
They are long-lasting, resistant and waterproof
Synthetic fibres such as nylon, polyester, rayon and Lycra are plastics
-
Properties
Strength, elasticity, rigidity and flexibility are charactenstics of many plastics, although they vary from one type to another
Other properties
-
-
-
Other properties
Low density, impermeability
Mechanical
Malleability, ductility and mechanical resistance
Joining plastics
-
Permanent joints
-
Adhesives
Types
Contact adhesives
Liquid, work instantly after applying to both surfaces, used with all types of plastics
Acrylic cement
Liquid, used mainly with PVC and polystyrene
-
-
-
-