Introduction to Environmental Studies Exam 1

Chapter 1: Science and the Environment

Chapter 2: Economics, Politics, and Public Policy

Chapter 3: Basic Needs of Living Things

Chapter 4: Populations and Communities

Introduction

State of the Planet

The Environmental Movement

Three Themes

Earth is in peril!

Population growth

Ecosystem degradation

Biodiversity loss

Global climate change

Environmental Studies

Environmental Science

Environment

Environmentalist's Paradox

Stewardship

Sustainability

Sound Science

Environmentalists

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

Rachel Carson

Aldo Leopold

Wangari Maathai

John Muir

Garrett Hardin

Teddy Roosevelt

Muhammad Yunus

Environmental Public Policy

Economics vs Environment

Economic Measurements

Gross National Product (GNP)

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI)

Economic Systems

Economic Services

Economics

Services

Goods

Provisioning

Cultural

Regulating

Free market

Centrally planned

Policy Life Cycle

Public Policy

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Recognition

Formulation

Implementation

Control

Ecological Hierarchy

Matter in Living or Nonliving Systems

Environmental Factors

Population Dynamics

Limits on Population

Evolution

Matter

Biogeochemical cycling

Biosphere

Atmosphere

Lithosphere

Hydrosphere

Limits of tolerance

Zones of stress

Niche

Range of tolerance

Optimal range

Limiting factors

Habitat

Species

Population

Ecology

Biotic Community (Biota)

Ecotone

Ecosystem

Biomes

Landscape

Biosphere

Biotic factors

Abiotic factors

Environmental resistance

Population

Biotic potential

Community Interaction Types

Density

Critical number

Density dependence

Density independence

Symbiosis

Competition

Predation

Commensalism

Mutualism

Amensalism

Neutralism

Intraspecific

Interspecific

Natural selection

Selective pressure