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Unit 5: Equipment used in facilities - Coggle Diagram
Unit 5: Equipment used in facilities
Selection on equipment
needs must be defined, through priorities, must be simple and measurable, incorrect choices will influence the operation for durability of the equipment, the test said needs and priorities
Priorities criteria:
pre-requisites,
required but not a pre-requisite
liked but not required
Test needs and priorities:
rate suppliers
analyze purchase, no "gut-feel"
Risk of equipment purchase
Approach identifying and procuring equipment as a project,
the risks to be considered are:
decide on purchase (commit to specific tech, supplier, and amount of money)
Receive and test purchase ( record testing in detail to ensure it performs against specifications)
wrong criteria will haunt the facility for a long time
poor testing will mean repairs or modifications at a cost
Storage methods for small items:
Shelving
Bins
live storage or case flow methods
Mobile shelving
storage cabinets
Carton flow live rack:
flow rack used for active items stored in fairly uniformed size and shape
Cartons are placed in the back of the rack from replenishment aisle and roll towards the pick face as cartons are depleted from the front
Carousels:
reduces walking distance and time between pick locations
items are brought to pickers
rotation and movement of storage trays/bins can be automated
primarily used where floor space is limited - use air space
good security
Pallet storage:
Hi (height and num of layers),
Ti (tier, num of boxes per layer)
Pallet sizing
British IS0 - 1 x 1.2m
Euro 0.8 x 1.2m
Millers(US) 1.2 x 1.2m
Drum 1.5x 1.5 m
Types of pallets:
Block stacking,
General and static
storage racks
narrow aisle racks
drive-ins
Mobile racks
Selective pallet racking:
height determined by building height and available lift equipment
For individual and immediate picking
Selective static pallet rack is still most common & most flexible
Flexy and cheap
Double deep stacking:
2 selective racks are placed back to back
desirable to store the same items in both front and rear slots to avoid double handling
Ideal for separated for indie and immediate picking
Drive in/thru racking:
pallets straddle load beams left-to-right perpendicular to the aisle
this allows for equipment to access the racking system
Pallet flow racks:
used to convey loads on wheels, rollers or air cushions
First-In, First-Out
requires 2 aisle's for use, the forklift loads on 1 side and off-loads from the other side
Requires high reliability
Push-Back racking:
Last-In, First-Out,
loads are placed on inclined rails, which are pushed back into the rack with subsequent loads
Hanging rail systems:
certain goods best suited for movement on rails(e.g. clothes)
Hanging rails
rails on which trolley moves
trolleys
one or many garments
Barcodes & designated storage areas
easy movement, ID
Use of vertical space
Moving loads
Manual & powered pallet trucks:
operator rides on pallet truck
speed required(manual vs powered)
Manual hydraulic lift
lift load 20-40 mm
optimal load 1600 - 2000kg
Fork-lifts:
Relatively high speeds(15km/h)
lift height = 3.5m(can go to 8 m)
can lift more than 2 tons
Reach Truck:
Greater Speed & ease of lifting
better vision whilst lifting mast
operates in narrow spaces of 2.8 to 3.2m
Stack heights typically up to 14m (12m lift)
Most common, simple goods space utilisation
Narrow aisle:
very high racks(+16 m)
aisle is narrow from 1.7 to 2 m(guided by wire or rail)
operator visibility is poor(dangerous)
Turret truck
lifting 15m/1.7m width
typical end-of-aisle run-out(5-6m)
Articulated turret - only 3m run-out required
Equipment & tech trends(ordering picking)
pick to belt, zonal picking, pick by light, put light
mix of manual & more "automated" picking systems
depends on throughput, product range, etc
Moving and Sorting
mechanical so don't need operators
dimensions and catergory detected without touching
fully automated, cost effecient for wages
Conveyors:
continuous movement of goods belt(move up and down) & roller(merge and convert) bed conveyors
Accelerator belts
goods need to be spaced for accurate measurements
accelerator belt is used to maintain a specified minimum distance between goods
Merge systems
2+ conveyors feeding into 1
Diverter & sorters:
swing arm used to divert goods
pop-up sorter
tilt-tray diverter
Containers:
standard economic use
6m & 12m (TEU & FEU)
handling heavy loads
Spreaders & twist locks
means to connect handling equipment to the container
spreader distributes the load to the 4 couplings at the corners of the container
twist lock couples the spreader with the container
twist lock easy & quick to engage & disengage
Reach Stacker:
Ordinary reach stacker handle 20ft containers
larger stackers handle
stack containers up to 6 high
rear stack
Straddle carriers & straddle cranes:
specially developed for container
carries the container within the structure of the crane
use spreaders & twistlocks
higher speeds
need an aisle between every stack