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Literary Devices, Imaginative Writing, Devices, Narrative structure,…
Literary Devices
Listing
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Asyndetic
When words are joined without the use of a conjunction, but with commas instead e.g. “We were warm, sheltered and protected.”
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Personification
A type of imagery in which non-human objects, animals or ideas are given human characteristics.
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Motif
Any repeated idea, theme or image that has a symbolic significance in the text.
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Repetition
Words, phrases or ideas are repeated for effect.
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Anachronism
Is a literary device that places someone or something associated with a particular historical time in the wrong time period.
Imagine reading a story about a caveman who microwaves his dinner or watching a film adaptation of a Jane Austen novel in which the characters text each other instead of writing letters.
Cliff-hanger
Is a plot device in which a component of a story ends unresolved, usual suspenseful or shocking way, in order to compel audiences to turn the page or return to the story in the next instalment.
Dramatic Irony
A literary device by which the audience's or reader's understanding of events or individuals in a work surpasses that of its characters.
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Extended Metaphor
Is a version of a metaphor that extends over the course of multiple lines, paragraphs, or stanzas of prose or poetry.
Example - "You're a snake! Everything you hiss out of your mouth is a lie. You frighten children, and you have no spine"
Imaginative Writing
Language
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Hyperbole
a rhetorical and literary technique where an author or speaker intentionally uses exaggeration and overstatement for emphasis and effect.
Imagery
a way of using language to paint a picture for the reader. Imagery can affect all five of the reader's physical senses.
Symbolism
a tool of figurative language where an image, object, idea or symbol is used to represent something other than its literal meaning.
Flashbacks
interrupt the chronological order of the main narrative to take a reader back in time to the past events in a character's life.
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Five Senses:
Taste -
Gustatory imagery engages the sense of taste.
This is what you can taste, and includes flavours.
Smell -
Olfactory imagery appeals to the sense of smell. Tactile imagery appeals to the sense of touch. Visual imagery is created with pictures (many visual images are pictures of things representing well-known sayings or phrases).
Touch -
Tactile imagery engages the sense of touch.
This is what you can feel, and includes textures and the many sensations a human being experiences when touching something. Differences in temperature is also a part of tactile imagery.
See -
Visual imagery appeals to our sense of sight. It describes things that we see, such as colours, size, shapes, and patterns. Visual imagery is the most common type of imagery used by authors because it helps them vividly describe characters and scenery in a story.
Hear -
Auditory imagery engages the sense of hearing. This is the way things sound. Literary devices such as onomatopoeia and alliteration can help create sounds in writing.
Figurative Language
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The boy was as brave as a lion in the jungle.
The assistant was as busy as a bee when she was preparing the podium for the presidential address.
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Emotive:
the use of descriptive words, often adjectives, that can show the reader how an author or character feels about something
Narrative Voice
The story is being told by the voice of someone who is not a character in the story. The main personal pronouns used are she, he and they. George watched as the boat slowly sank. He felt relief mixed with guilt.
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Devices
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Structural
Connectives
e.g. meanwhile, finally, although. These could be used to shift the reader's focus
Structural
Sentence types
e.g. multi-clause or single clause. For example, a multi-clause sentence could be used to build up layers of description to create a vivid setting.
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Narrative structure
Resolution
The conclusion of the narrative, where conflicts are resolved or meaning is revealed.
In a short extract, only one or two of these stages might be evident. For example, if the extract is from the opening of a short story there may only be an exposition stage.
These stages are not always in this order: a writer may choose to begin with a climax or crisis point.
Exposition
The setting of the scene for the reader, this could be a description of setting or the backstory of a character.
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Language patterns
Semantic fields
A group of words that are linked by meaning, for example words about family or words linked to the supernatural.
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