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HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL BACKGROUND - Coggle Diagram
HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL BACKGROUND
1625
James was succeeded by Charles I, who came into conflict with the parliament.
He choose William Laud as archbishop of Canterbury, who imposed the liturgy of the high anglican church.
This led thousand puritans to emigrate to America.
"The new England".
He wanted to go to war with France. He was forced to ask parliament for help. It accepted with a condition:
The petition of rights
.
For this in 1629, he dissolved the assembly and ruled as a despot.
Charles needed money for a war with Scotland.
So he was forced to ask parliament for help.
"The long parliament" doesn't accepts and try to reducethe King's power.
Laud was imprisoned and executed and Charles flee to the north.
CIVIL WAR
War was inevitable.
2 factions:
Royalist or cavaliers
Roundheads
Army by cromwell defeated the King's army at the battle of Marston Moor (1644) and Naseby (1645).
Charles was behadeed on 29 January 1649.
1st English monarch to be executed
England become a commonwealth.
In 1653 Cromwell refused to become King and ran the country as military dictatorship.
Cromwell was succeeded by Richard who abdicate 8 months later.
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Royalist reaction.
Charles II restore to the throne and on 1661 Cromwell's body was exhumed and accused of regicide. His body was subjected to a posthumous execution.
Charles's II reign
There were two events:
"Great fire"
"Great Plague"
"reconstruction"
St. Paul Cathedral
The Cavalier Parliament is determined to restore both king and parliament.
1673 - TEST ACT
Any man had to take communion protestant church.
King as the head of the church of England.
James II, the new King was catholic and rave a catholic heir.
"The glonous revolution"
1701 "act of settlement"
William died and Mary's sister Anne becomes queen.
Union of England and Scotland
Queen Anne died in 1714
George I become King
Created the position of prime minister
1715: First Jacobite rising
Series of Wars:
War vs Spain
War with France
Prime minister William Pitt
1st to realise the importance of colonies
Second Jacobite rising
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