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Linux systems - Coggle Diagram

- - - - mount
        
        root
        
        1st argument = file system to mount
        
        2nd argument = directory as the mount point
        
        2 ways
        
        with device file name (in /dev)
        
        mount /dev/name path
        
        with the UUID
        
        mount UUID="uuid" path
      - lsblk
        
        list details of a specified/all block device
        
        lsbk -fp -> show device's paths, UUIDs and mount points, partition's file-system type
    - - System shutdown and reboot procedures do it automatically
        
        umont
        
        mount point = argument
        
        unpossible when the mounted file system is use
        
        lsof
        
        list files/processes that are accessing the file system
        
        identify which processes are preventing from successfully unmounting
        
        can wait or send the SIGTERM or SIGKILL signal to terminate the process
  - - - File systems
        
        moun t point
        
        ls: list the content of the directory
        
        where the file system ismounted
        
        multiple flle systems
        devices in a single tree structure
        
        many are automatically mounted when the system boots
        
        each one is a separate entity
      - Block devices
        
        file that provides low-level access to storage devices
        
        must be optionally partitioned
        
        file system created before the device can be mounted
        
        stocked in /dev path
      - Disk Partition
        
        not created into one file system
        
        partition = storage devices divided into smaller chuncks
        
        might be formatted with different file system / used for different purpose
        
        block devices in their own right
      - Logical Volume Management
        
        possible to aggregate block devices into a volume group
        
        disk space = separated into logical volumes (= partition on a physical disk)
        
        mount logical volume
        
        addign names to volume groups and logical volumes on their creation
        
        create a directory in /dev that matches the group name
        
        create symbolic link within in it
        
        available to be mounted
  - - - pre-generated index and returns the results instantly
      - faster because it looks up in the locate database (not updated in real time)
      - database updated everyday
        
        manual update with the "updatedb" command
      - restrict results for unprivileged users
      - Options
        
        -i perform a case-insesitive search
        
        -n limits the number of returned search results
    - - search in real time by parsing the file-system hierarchy
      - slower but more accurate
      - read and execute permissions to examin a directory content
      - 1st argument = directory to search
      - Options
        
        -name : search by file name
        
        -iname : case-insesitive search
        
        -user / -group : by user / group name
        
        -perm : files with specific permissions
        
        -ls : provides extra informations
        
        -size : by size (+ or - before to specify)
        
        number + k, M or G
        
        -mmin : by modification time (+ or - before to specify)
        
        -type : by file type
        
        flags
        
        f: regular files
        
        d: directories
        
        l: soft link
        
        b: block devices
  - - - display an overview of local and remote file-system devices
      - show total disk space, used disk space, free disk space, percentage of the entire disk space
      - human-readable options
        
        -h : reports in KiB (210), MiB (220), or GiB (230)
        
        -H option reports in SI units: KB (103), MB (106), or GB (109) (usually used)
    - - more detailed information about a specific directory tree space
      - shows size of all files in the current directory tree recursively
      - same options as df command
- - - - dnf list [NAME-PATTERN]
    - - dnf group list
    - - dnf search KEYWORD
    - - dnf info PACKAGENAME
  - - - dnf update
    - - dnf update PACKAGENAME
  - - - dnf remove PACKAGENAME
    - - dnf history
      - See the previous installed and removed packages
        
        UNDO
        
        dnf history undo NUMBER
  - - - dnf install PACKAGENAME
    - - dnf group install GROUPNAME
- - - - tar utility
        
        Required options
        
        -t : list content
        
        -x : extract
        
        -c : create
        
        General options
        
        -v : Show files being archived/extracted
        
        -f : archive name
        
        -p : preserve permission
        
        -xattrs & -selinux: preserve aditionnal attributes
        
        Compression options
        
        -j : bzip2. Less widely available. Small archives
        
        -a : auto
        
        -J : xz. New. Very small archives. Slow
        
        -Z : LZ. Widely available.
        
        -z : gzip. Widely available. Fast
        
        Examples
        
        tar -tf backup.tar
        
        tar -xf backup.tar
        
        tar -czf backup.tar.gz file1 file2 file3
      - Standalone: gzip, bzip2, xz
        
        Example: gzip file245
    - - Backups
      - Simplify File Transfer
    - - Removable Media (flash drive)
      - Single file (zip, tar)
  - - - sftp: Secure File Transfer Protocol
        
        "sftp remoteuser@ remotehost:/home/remoteuser/remotefile"
        
        "sftp remoteUser @ remoteHost"
        
        password
        
        Commands
        
        bye / put / get
        
        All + l
      - scp (not recommended)
  - - - Options
        
        -n: dry run
        
        -v: Detailed output
        
        -a : archive
        
        equals to: -r, -l, -p, -t, -g, -o, -D
        
        Preserve: permissions, timestamps, ownership, etc
        
        Example:
        
        rsync -av /var/log/ /tmp
        
        rsync -av /var/log /tmp
      - Backup
      - 2 servers: local or remote