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Gvosdev, Blankshaim, and Cooper, Decision Making in American Foreign…
Gvosdev, Blankshaim, and Cooper, Decision Making in American Foreign Policy, p. 65-71.
International Relations (IR) Theorists: "Seek to explain the system dynamics of international relations, meaning how the international system functions as an integrated whole." p. 65
Foreign policy assessment (FPA), is a subfield of IR theory and is focused on explaining a single state's foreign policy decisions (example unitary state perspective). p. 65
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USP focuses on how a state behaves within Kenneth Waltz's systemic/global level of analysis, that state are motivated to prioritize state survival. p. 66
USP is the analogue of structural IR theory, which identifies states as actors
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IR Theory: Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism
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Classical realism = Hobbsian world of aggression and anarchy, states primary goals = security and power. p. 67
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Neorealism (aka Structural Realism): places nearly all the explanatory weight on systemic-level structural factors
All that matters are the state's own geostrategic context, not its inner workings. p. 67. "Great powers act in strategically smart ways most of the time"... discounts irrationality.
Liberalism (aka Neo Liberal Institutionalism): inner workings of the state matter; "liberal" states, with individual rights and free market economies, et al, behave differently than "non-Liberal states"
Capable of being useful in unitary state theory... states require internal purpose for action, what determines the "purpose" will depend on the beliefs of the state. p. 67.
Constructivism (social constructionism): international system is what states choose to make of it; each state will seek a different international order. p. 67-8.
Also fits with USP, but as logic of appropriateness rather than logic of consequences. p. 68,
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