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The Cell - Coggle Diagram
The Cell
Cell Shape and Movement
Cell Membrane
Every cell is surrounded by a cell membrane and is used as a protective covering. A cell membrane is a wall that blocks the outside environment from the cell and is very flexible.
A cell membrane is made of two molecules. One is Phospholipids that like its name, is a type of lipid. A membrane is also made of proteins. This is common since a protein is used for almost anything in a cell.
Cell Wall
Specific cells like plant cells, fungal cells, and some protists all have cell walls. The cell wall helps give structure support to a cell that has it too.
As said in the other section, all cells have cell membranes but not cell walls. Cell walls are hard outside structures that are above the cell membrane. These walls protect cells from harmful organisms like viruses.
Cell Appendages
Appendages are things that are attached to something larger or more important like arms and legs. Cells have many different things like legs that move them around depending on the cell.
Some examples include flagella which are similar to tails and are attached to a cell like any other appendage. This specific appendage pushes back and forth to move a cell. Another instance is Cilia which are short hairs like arms that move it.
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Cells come in many shapes and the size and shape of a cell can show what it does. The structure of a cell can vary and have unique functions.
Cell Types
Prokaryotic Cells
A prokaryotic cell is a type of cell that doesn't have a nucleus surrounding its DNA. A prokaryotic cell also does not have many other organelles in it. A prokaryotic cell is usually much smaller than a eukaryotic one.
Eukaryotic Cell
A eukaryotic cell has its DNA surrounded by a membrane or nucleus in itself and has many other structures. That is unlike a prokaryotic cell. Contrary to a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell has many organelles which are tiny parts inside a cell with special functions. These organelles can be surrounded by protective skins called membranes.
Cell Organelles
The Nucleus
The nucleus is a big organelle in a cell that contains genetic code that is in DNA. Only eukaryotic cells have these organelles though. The main job of a nucleus is to control the whole cell.
DNA has groups of things called chromosomes. Every DNA have pairs of chromosomes but the amount of chromosomes in an organism varies.
A nucleus contains proteins and a nucleolus. A nucleolus' job is to make ribosomes. Ribosomes are used for the production of proteins.
Proteins are molecules and can be made by ribosomes. Ribosomes are sometimes found stuck to the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell. If it is found on an ER it is called rough ER.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
If an ER doesn't have ribosomes, then it is called smooth ER. Instead of producing proteins, smooth ER makes lipids and help take out bad substances to keep the cell healthy.
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A nucleus has a two membranes around it that are called the nuclear envelope. It has pores to allow things to go in and out of itself.
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Processing Energy
Mitochondria
Cells process energy in special organelles. One of which is called mitochondria. Lots of eukaryotic cells have hundreds of them. Mitochondria is also protected by two membranes similar to a nucleus.
During chemical reactions in mitochondria energy is sent out and is put in high energy molecules called ATP that go and energize other parts of a cell to grow cells and many other things.
Chloroplasts
Plant cells and some other specific cells contain chloroplasts. Chloroplasts use sugar that contains energy and is stored until it is need to be used to energize a part of the cell.
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Processing, Storing, and Transporting Molecules
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Vesicles small organelles with membranes that transport substances throughout the cell from the Golgi apparatus. Some specific vesicles break down cellular components and are called Lysosomes.
Some cells have vacuoles that contains water and stores food and useless materials. A vacuole has different sizes depending on the type of cell.
Organelles have many different functions and is what makes a cell a cell. There are many different tasks organelles follow. Organelles can do things like producing proteins, store genetic code, and make energy.