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PLASTICS, FORMATION TECHNIQUES, STONE AND CERAMICS, CLASSIFICATION OF…
PLASTICS
Depending on their origin, we can describe plastics as natural or syntheuc:
Synthetic plastics: are made from compounds extracted from
petroleum, natural gas and carbon. The transformation of these raw matenals and compounds into plastics
is called polymerisation.
During the manufacturing process, we can add materials such as
flbreglass, o reduce
production costs, and to develop certain characteristics.
Natural plastics: are obtained directly from raw vegetable materials. For example from animals proteins.
We can incorporate chemrcal additives to increase flexlbdity and to strengthen the polymers, and we can add pigments to give colour to the plastics.
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We also use plastics in many economic and industrial sector. For example in transport, construction, medicine...
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FORMATION TECHNIQUES
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LAMINATION
Thermoplastic produced by the extrusion method is passed through a series of hot cylinders to produce sheets of varying thicknees.
We can produce different finishes, for example, glossy, matt or textured. This depens on the outer coating applied by the final cylinder.
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When we manufacture plastic objects in industry, the plstic is available in three different forms: power, granules and resins. We use different formation techniques depending on the type and use from the plastic.
STONE AND CERAMICS
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GLASS
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Shaping techniques
We make glass by mixing sand, soda and limestone.
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STONE BINDERS
Sand and gravel are used directly to make asphalt and also for binders,
which are used to 'bind' or join other matenals together.
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JOINING PLASTICS
When plastics have been formed, shaped and finished,we can join pieces to each other.
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