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PLASTICS - Coggle Diagram
PLASTICS
Formation technique
Extrusion
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We apply pressure by means of a large, rotattng screw, which forces
the melted matenal out, through a nuzzle
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Finally, we collect the pieces of plastic through a feeder system.
Vacuum forming
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We extract the air below the sheet so that the plastic ts pulled against
the instde walls of the shaped mould, and the desired form is created
We leave the mould to cool, then remove the object
Moulding
Injection
- We inject melted thermoplastic into a mould
- When the material has cooled and solidified, we extract tt from the
mould
Blow moulding
- We put a tubular-shaped piece of plastic into a hollow mould which has the same shape as the oblect that we want to make
- We close the mould and blow pressurised air into it, so that the
plastic adheres to the sides of the mould and takes its shape.
- When the object is cold, we remove it from the mould.
Compression
- We put thermostable plastic,which can be in granular form, into the base of a cavity mould.
- The outer part of the cavity
mould, shaped the same, isclosed to compress the material inside We then heat it and itbecomes soft and mafleable.
Lamination
Thermoplastic produced by the extrusion method ls passed through a
series of hot cylinders to produce sheets of varying thickness
Stone and ceramics
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STONE BINDERS. Sand and gravel are used directly to make asphalt and also for binders,
which are used to 'bind' or join other matenals together
CERAMICS
PHSYCAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Clay is a fine-grained earth composed of aluminium silicates and other substances We can mould it easily when it's wet.
making ceramics: Preparing the clay, mixing, modelling, drying, baking and glazing and enamelling
There are two large groups: structural ceramics and whiteware ceramics. Structural ceramics are permeable; whiteware ceramics are impermeable
GLASS is a transparent or translucent material that can have different textures and colours.
It's waterproof, smooth and hard, but fragile.
It's resistant to environmental conditions and to chemical compounds.
It's a good thermal, electncal and acoustic insulator.
SHAPING TECHNIQUES
We make glass by mixing sand, soda (which acts as a flux) and limestone.
We heat this mixture to I 400'C; it then melts tn form a paste. There are 3 shaping techniques: mould blowing, float glass making and lamination
Plastics are materials formed by polymers. The polymers in plastics are
made from long chains of carbon atoms.
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Classification
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Elastomers
Made by vulcanisation mixing sulphur and rubber, and heating to 160ºC
They are hard, resistant and very elastic — stretching easily under
force
Thermostable plastics
These plastics are made from compounds derived from petroleum.They are formed by strongly-linkedchams runmng in different directions
joining plastics
Temporary joints
We can join and then separate objects with mechanical fasteners. For example nut and bolt, standard screw or double ended screw
permanent joints
We use this type of joint when we don't want to separate or dismantle
the piece, we can use adhesives or soldering
Textiles and leather
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Synthetic fibres
Synthetic fibres such as nylon, polyester, rayon and Lycra' are plastics.They are long-lasting, resistant and waterproof.A mixture of natural and synthetic fibres is often used to make textiles.
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