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Plastics - Coggle Diagram

- - - - < Examples
        
        Telecommunications
        
        Transport
        
        Construction
        
        Medicine
        
        Agriculture
        
        Information
        
        Technology
  - - - Natural plastics
        
        Obtained directly from raw vegetable materials
      - Synthetic plastics
        
        Made from compounds extracted from
        petroleum, natural gas and carbon
      - Manucrafting
        
        We can add materials such as fibreglass , textible fibres, paper, silica and sawdust to reduce production cost , and to develop certain characteristics
      - Chemical
        
        Chemical addivities to increase flexibility and to stregthen the polymers , and we can add pigments to give colours to the plastics
  - - - Strenght
      - Elasticitty
      - Rigidity
      - Flexibility
    - - Mechanical
        
        Malleability
        
        Ductility
        
        Mechanical resistance
      - Acoustic
        
        Acoustic insulation
      - Electrical
        
        Electrical insulation
      - Thermal
        
        Thermal insulation
      - Other properties
        
        Low density
        
        Impermeability
  - - - Chemical
        
        To make new
        materials from the original components of plastic residues.
      - Mechanical
        
        This process has 5 stages
        
        Separation and crushing
        
        We separate the plastics according to
        type and then they' re crushed.
        
        Floating
        
        We wash the plastics and then dry them by centrifugal
        force
        
        Agglutination
        
        The material is compacted and then incorporated
        into other materials
        
        Extrusion
        
        We melt the material, and then it's extruded into long
        filaments
        
        Pelletising
        
        The filaments are then reduced to granules that we call pellets
      - Energetic
        
        The malority of plastics are not yet biodegradable, but thanks to new technologies, we' re increasingly able to produce biodegradable materials
        
        Examples
        
        Plastics that decompose on contact with certain bacteria and biological angents
        
        plastics that dissolve in hot or cold water
- - - - Plaster
      - Cement
      - Mortar
      - Concrete
  - - - Clay is a fine-grained earth
    - - Preparing the clay
        
        We clean the clay
      - Mixing
        
        We add water, fluxes and couloring
      - Modelling
        
        We shape the clay in the form of the object that we want
      - Drying
        
        To allow all the water to evaporate
      - Baking
        
        In an industrial ovencalled kiln a temperatures between 700º and 1700º
      - Glazing and enamelling
  - - - We put the paste into a hollow mould, which has the shape of the object we want to make
      - When the mould is completely cooled we remove de object
    - - We float molten glass on top of a layer of molten tin
      - The glass spreads to form a sheet that we pass through a system of rollers
      - We leave it to cool
- - - - We put thermoplastic, in granular form, Into a previously heated cylinder
      - We apply pressure by means of a large, rotattng screw, which forces the melted material out, through a nozzle.
      - We cool the shaped material slowly in a refrigerated water bath until it's solid
      - Finally we collect the pieces of plastic through a feeder system
  - - - We can produce different finishes,
  - - - We put thermoplastic into a mould
      - We then use a heater to heat the mould and often the plastic
      - We extract the air below the sheet so that the plastic is pulled
      - We leave the mould to cool
  - - - Injection
        
        Inject merted thermoplastic into a mould
        
        When it's cooled and solificated, we extract it
      - Blow moulding
        
        We put a tubular-shaped piece of plastic into a hollow mould, the same as the object
        
        We close the mould and blow pressurised air into it, the plastic adheres to the sides of the mould and takes its shape
        
        When the object is cold, we remove it from the mould
      - Compression
        
        We put a thermostable plastic, it can be granural form, into the base of a cavity mould
        
        The outer part of the cavity mould, is closed to compress the material inside. We heat it and it becomes malleable
        
        The plastic adapts to the shape of the cavity between the two parts of the mould
        
        We extract the object when the plastic has cooled and solidified
- - - - Compounds adquired from petroleum
      - Weakly formed molecular chains.
  - - - Plastics made from petroleum
  - - - Made by vulcanisation: mixing sulphur and rubber, and heating to 160º
      - They are hard, resistance and very elastic
- - - - Examples
        
        Cutter
        
        Scissors
        
        Steel bit
        
        Fretsaw
        
        Jig saw
        
        Power press
        
        Hot metal thread trimmer
    - - Examples
        
        Drill bit
    - - Examples
        
        FIle
        
        Rasp
- - - - Mechanical fasteners
        
        Nut and bolt
        
        Standart screw
        
        Double ended screw
    - - Adhesives
        
        Joining two surfaces permanently
        
        Resins with two components
        
        Acrylic cement
        
        Contact adhesives
      - Soldering
        
        Joining thermoplastics using heat and pressure
- - - - Vegetable origin
        
        Cotton
        
        Linen
        
        Hemp
      - Animal origin
        
        Wool
        
        Silk
        
        Asbestos
    - - Examples
        
        Nylon
        
        Polyester
        
        Rayon
        
        Lycra