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smart materials, nanoscale - Coggle Diagram
smart materials
thermochromic
Thermochromic materials are materials which can change its original color when exposed to temperature. The researchers worked with thermochromic materials that change colour when heated up, as well as devices that vibrate or squeeze the wrist. The special blue and white bottle uses thermochromic ink to reveal a special message when frozen.
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shape memory alloy
Generally, shape memory alloys are intermetallic compounds having super lattice structures and metallic-ionic-covalent characteristics. Thus, they have the properties of both metals and ceramics. The change of shape of a material at low temperature by loading and regaining of original shape by heating it, is known as shape memory effect.
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self-healing polymer
Self-healing polymers are a new class of smart materials that have the capabil- ity to repair themselves when they are damaged without the need for detection or repair by manual intervention of any kind. Increasing demand for petroleum feed stocks used to produce polymer and the need for polymeric materials with
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Photochromic pigments
Photochromic pigments change colour when exposed to light. This can be used in clothing but is most commonly found in photochromic lenses for glasses, which darken when exposed to ultraviolet light. This means that these glasses act as sunglasses on sunny days, but quickly change back to normal glasses when the lenses are no longer in sunlight.
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Shape memory polymer
Shape memory polymer is a polymer that can be bent out of its original shape and then returned to its original shape when heated. Potential applications for this include sporting equipment, such as helmets and gum-shields or car bumpers, which can be heated to return to their original shape after a minor collision. In addition, medical stitches can self-tighten as a wound heals.
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Hydrogels
Hydrogels can absorb up to 1,000 times their own volume in water. After this water has been absorbed, it can be released when its surroundings are dry. Changes in temperature or pH can also cause the hydrogel to release water.
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nanoscale
what are they
A nano-scale particle is a particle of a substance that is 1 – 100 nm in diameter (1 nm = 1 nanometre = 1 × 10–9 m, which is one billionth of a metre). Nano-scale particles have very different properties from the ‘normal’ form of the substances. For example, nano-scale particles of silver are very good at killing bacteria and viruses.
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what are the risks
The small size of nanoparticles means that it is possible that they can penetrate into the body. This could bring medical benefits, but it could also be a risk to human health. Nanotechnology does bring possible risks to both the environment and human health. Many of these risks are not yet fully known.
