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TOPIC 2 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - Coggle Diagram
TOPIC 2 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
molecular biology
metabolism
Metabolism describes the totality of chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life
organic compounds
molecules that contain carbon and are found in living things
biomacromolecules
main groups of organic compounds in cells:
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
types of reaction
anabolism
The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones
Involves condensation reactions (water is produced)
An example of an anabolic reaction is photosynthesis
catabolism
The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones
Involves hydrolysis reactions (water is consumed)
An example of a catabolic reaction is cellular respiration
vitalism
theory
Vitalism was a doctrine that dictated that organic molecules
could only be synthesized by living systems (using a vital force)
falsification
In 1828, Frederick Woehler disproved the theory of vitalism
by artificially synthesizing an organic molecule (urea)
water
water structure
water is made up of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen atom, oxygen has a higher electronegativity and attracts the shared electrons more strongly, resulting in polarity
hydrogen bonding
the dipolarity of the water molecule enables it to form polar associations with other charged molecules (polar or ionic). water molecules can also form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules (between an δ+ hydrogen and an δ– oxygen)