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THE NOVEL - Coggle Diagram
THE NOVEL
The novel emerged in the modern form in 18th centuary Europe.
It is a narrative: it "tells" a story. The novel involves the exploration of an issue of human importance whose complexity requires a certain lenght.
IT HAS:
A STORY AND A PLOT
A narrative text is made up of a sequence of events, the
story
, that are not allways presented in chronological order. The author can use flashbacks, anticipation of events, disgressions..., creating the
plot
Generally there are 4 stages:
-the
introduction
of the situation
-the
breakdown
of the initial situation
-the
development
of the story to the climax
-the
end
there the initial situation can be restored or changed
ACTION
SETTING
It is the
place
(interior or exterior: descrption of landscape, objects..) and the
time
(year, season..) of the story. Social and historical factors are also important
THE CINEMATIC TECHNIQUE
Anticipating the cinema, 19th centuary novelists cultivated the "
camera eye
" and "
camera moviment
". Wide, panoramic, aerial views are characteristic ways of introducing an action
CHARACTERS
Characters are the people who appear in a novel.
Their presentation can be
direct
: the writer makes a description of his/her personality and appearce
indirect
: the reader has to discover what the character is like from his/her actions, reactions, feelings, thoughts.
They can be:
major
or
minor
round
(they grow and develop as the narration unfolds) or
flat
(they don't change)
THEMES
The theme contains the
message
whose interpretation leads to an understanding of the meaning of the text. It can be
explicit
(intended and indicated by the author) or
implicit
(discovered by the reader)
THE NARRATOR
He/she is the
speaking voice
and not the author of a book. The narrator may be
internal
(a character in the story) or
external
(a voice outside the story who tells events he/she has not taken part in)
The narrator can also be:
first-person
: employes the " I mode". It can coincide with a character in the story or the protagonist
third-person
: tells the story from the ouside.
obtrusive
: he/she makes personal remarks, disgressions or provides a comment.
unobtrusive
: he/she shows only what happens.
omniscient
: is one that knows the feelings and the thoughts of every character
The author chooses the way to tell his/her story between
dialogues, descriptions or narrations
The kind of narrator influences the point of view of describing the story