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Memory Codes, Imagery, and Memory Strategies - Coggle Diagram
Memory Codes, Imagery, and Memory Strategies
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Transfer Appropriate Processing (TAP): Encoding material in a manner related to how it will be used later can benefit later recall (e.g., shallow processing can be more effective if task is to recognise speaker of the word; deeper levels of processing is better if the task is to remember conceptual information)
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This match occurs during encoding by focusing on engaging processes that will be required at the test
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Dual Coding Theory, Keyword Mnemonic, and Method of Loci
Dual Coding Theory: Memory is improved when items are represented by both visual and verbal mental codes. Mental images provide a second source for later recall
Memory is divided into verbal system containing representations called "logogens", and nonverbal system containing "imagens"**. Systems are separate but connected, allowing to place names to pictures, vice-versa
Criticisms: Only effective in situations when people focus on relational information (e.g. paired associate word learning) and can be difficult when materials are highly abstract
Keyword Mnemonic: Vocabulary learning can be aided by associating a familiar concrete word with the word that needs to be learned (1. Learn association between word and keyword, form mental image of keyword)
Imagery: creating a mental image of the items to be remembered, particularly if they are concrete, imageable items, can aid recall
Concrete and imageable: House, tree, cat
Abstract and not easily imageable: Truth, excellence, concern
Method of Loci: Memory palace, involving creating an elaborate, interactive image of all the items to be remembered
If mnemonic scheme is used, this method can be applied to more abstract materials
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