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SKIZOFRENIA Jilhan Aulia 1908260009 - Coggle Diagram
SKIZOFRENIA Jilhan Aulia 1908260009
limbic system
hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is the part of the limbic system that controls emotional responses. In addition, the hypothalamus is also involved in sexual response, hormone release, and body temperature regulation.
hippocampus
The hippocampus plays a role in the formation and storage of memories or long-term memory.
fornice
The fornices are a group of axons (parts of nerve cells) that connect the hippocampus to other parts of the limbic system. The fornices are also responsible for transmitting signals between the mammillary body (a part of the brain), the septal nucleus, and the hippocampus.
amygdala
The amygdala is the center of the limbic system that plays a role in long-term memory. The amygdala is oval in shape and is located within the temporal lobe of the brain.
limbic cortex
The limbic cortex is the part of the limbic system that influences a person's mood, motivation, and judgment.
definition
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that impairs daily functioning, and can be disabling.
etiology
biology
biochemistry
dopamin
noreprinefrin
glutamat
asetilkolin
stress
psychosocial
genetics
Disbindin (distroregin binding protein 1)
BDNF (brain derive neurotropik factor)
NRG 1 (Neureugulin 1)
DISC-1 (distructive in schizophrenia 1)
classification
Paranoid Schizophrenia
There were hallucinatory voices threatening the patient, giving orders, etc
Catatonic Schizophrenia
Additional symptoms such as: mutism, restlessness, displaying certain body positions, or other catatonic behavior (rigidity, waxy flexibility, negativism)
Hebephrenic Schizophrenia
Usually found at the age of 15-25 years
Residual Schizophrenia
Prominent negative symptoms were found
Post-schizophrenic depression
The patient has had a schizophrenic disorder for at least 12 months.
risk factor
psychological
sociodemographic
socio-economic
socio-cultural
population migration
population density in both rural and urban areas.
pathophysiology
diagnosis
The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia according to the DSM-IV-TR are as follows:
Two (or more) of the following, each found by a significant portion of time over a one-month period:
delusion
hallucination
Disorganized speech (e.g. often distorted or incoherent)
Markedly disorganized or catatonic behavior
Negative symptoms: flattening of affect, alogia, or no will (avolition)
Social or occupational dysfunction
differential diagnosis
Schizoid and paranoid
Narcissistic
Anxious to avoid
Borderline
Autistic disorder and Asperger's disorder
Personality disorders due to other medical conditions
Substance abuse disorder
Delusional disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder with psychotic symptoms, major depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms
pharmacology
Depression antidepressants, can be added with antipsychotics as adjuvants
Anxiety antidepressants, mood stabilizers
Emotions labile/ rapid cycling mood stabilizer, low dose antipsychotic
Aggression and impulsivity: antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics
Social and emotional isolation antipsychotics
Haloperidol : 1,5 mg 3x1 / Risperidon : 2mg 2x1/2
psychotherapy
individual
group dynamic
complication
Physical, psychological, or sexual abuse.
Organic brain syndrome eg, Alzheimer's diseases
Behavioral disorders.
Oppositional defiant disorder.
Depression.
Panic attacks.
Tourette's disorder.
Delirium.
Dementia.
Amnestic disorders.
Hallucinations
Attempted suicide
Abnormalities of brain neurotransmitters
prognosis
good prognosis
Slow onset
Clear precipitating factors
Good premorbid social, sexual and occupational history
Symptoms of mood disorders (especially depressive disorders)
Marry
Family history of mood disorders
Good support system
Positive symptoms
poor prognosis
Young onset
There are no precipitating factors
Poor premorbid social, sexual and occupational history
Withdrawal behavior, autism
Not married, divorced or widowed/widower
Family history of schizophrenia
Poor support system
Negative symptoms
Neurological signs and symptoms
Many relapses
education
Education about patient compliance that stopping treatment suddenly can be dangerous, because symptoms will recur and can endanger themselves and others
If the patient feels uncomfortable with the treatment that has been taken due to side effects, it needs to be discussed with the doctor so that drugs can be given that can reduce these side effects
Patients need to be educated about the symptoms of schizophrenia. If you start hearing voices or other symptoms appear, immediately call a doctor or go to the nearest health center.
Avoiding the use of substances such as cocaine, amphetamines and alcohol as they can worsen symptoms
Social and physical activity can help patients to reduce stress, maintain self-esteem, not feel alone and stay busy
Education to avoid stress and manage stress by means of relaxation therapy and stress management methods, because stress can trigger disease relapse.
