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05 PARLIAMENTARIANISM AND ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM, image, image, image,…
05 PARLIAMENTARIANISM AND ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM
ABSOLUTISM AND PARLIAMENTARIANISM
18th century marks the end of the Modern Age
And the beginning of the Contemporary Age
absolute monarchies and parliamentary monarchies ended
ABSOLUTE MONARCHIES
Parliamentary monarchies developed institutional and legal systems
Wich controlled the monarch’s power
The Bill of Rights, which limited the monarch’s power
THE BIRTH OF THE KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN
The kingdoms of Scotland and England began sharing the same king in 1603
In 1707, the Act of Union was signed
PARLIAMENTARY REPUBLICAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS
Parliamentary republican political systems where used in parts of Europe
These republics were common in the Holy Empire and on the Italian Peninsula
exception was the United Provinces
ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM
Enlightened despotism was a variant of absolutism
Wich incorporated ‘trickledown’ reforms inspired by the Enlightenment
This modle was used in some parts of Europe during the 18th century
Important Enlightenment thinkers worked as government advisers or ministers
In France, Prussia, Spain and Russia, amongst others
Monarchs thought that the Enlightenment ideas would help them govern more efficiently
ADDITIONAL REFORMS
Political reforms
Parliaments or courts were no longer convened
Provincial government was also reorganised
To strengthen the territorial power of the kings.
Regalist reforms
Within political reforms, the regalists had their own entity
These reforms were designed to gain privileges within the Church
Economic reform
Their aim was to increase income from the royal estate
They were improvements
In communication routes, agriculture, crafts and commerce
Manual workers were taught skills.
CATHERINE ‘THE GREAT’ (1729–1796)
Was the empress of Russia between 1762 and 1796
Was an example of enlightened despotism
She was in contact with the most important Enlightenment thinkers of the period
Diderot, Voltaire and D’Alembert
She only implemented the reformist ideas that strengthened her power
She implemented reforms in central and provincial government
