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BIOLOGY - compnents diet 7.2, NHS national health service - Coggle Diagram
BIOLOGY - compnents diet 7.2
carbohydrates
FUNCTION
simple sugars are absorbed into the blood very quickly
easily respired source of energy
SOURCE - rice, potates, bread, yams, sugar, honey
starch (amido)
monosaccharides (monosaccarici)
disaccharides
polysaccharides
proteins
FUNCTION
growth, repair, making new cells
in extreme cases can be respired for energy
source of amino acids
SOURCE - meat, fish, milk, nuts, lentils, beans
fats
FUNCTION
thermal insulator and shock absorber
subcutaneus fat
protection around internal organs such as kidneys
long-term energy store
SOURCE - butter, chease, fat in meats and fish, nuts, seeds, olive oil
BLUBBER in marine mammels gives BUOYANCY (ability to float)
seals (foche), walrus (tricheco)
1g of fats = 2g of carbohydrates
water
FUNCTION
needed for chemical reactions to take place in solutions, blood dissolved in it, wastes dissolved in it (urine), sweat cools us down
SOURCE - source, rivers, lakes
characteristics
cytoplasm = approx. 80% water
universal solvent
blood plasma = 90% water transports dissolved substances
vitamins
vitamin D
SOURCE
fish oil = pesci azzurri es. sardines, mackrel (sgombro), herring (aringa), salmon
cod liver oil (olio di fegato di merluzzo)
fish oil, milk, butter, sun, eggs
FUNCTION
needed for the small intestine to absorb calcium
regulates the deposition of calcium in bones
DEFICENCY DISEASE
RICKETS (rachitismo) in children
BOWED legs
OSTEOMALACIA (osteoporosi) in adults
increase in risk of fractures
weakened bones
vitamin C
SOURCE
oranges, lemons, citrus fruits
FUNCTION
production of connective tissue (necessary for COLLAGEN synthesis)
necessary for healing of wounds (ferite)
formation of scar tissue
cicatrizzazione
DEFICENCY DISEASE
SCURVY
bleeding gums
lost of teeth
wounds don't heal properly
scorbuto
ascorbic acid
minerals
iron
FUNCTION
formation of HAEMOGLOBIN in red blood cells for transport oxygen
SOURCE
liver, meat, cocoa, eggs, beans (pulses --> legumi), nuts, dried fruit (apricots)
DEFICENCY DISEASE
ANAEMIA
lack of energy
shortness of breath
pale complexion
calcium
SOURCES
dairy products, fish such as anchovies (acciughe) and sardines (eat the bones), green vegetables
FUNCTION
bones and teeth formation
DEFICENCY DISEASE
weak, rickets, muscle weakness and cramps
fibre / roughage
FUNCTION
absorb poisonous wastes from bascteria
prevents CONSTIPATION
absorbs water and increase volume of food in the alimentary canal
muscles in the wall of the alimentary canal contract (PERISTALSIS), moving food along digestive tract more easily
lower concentration of cholesterol
reduces the risk of heart disease and bowel cancer
SOURCE
vegetables, wholemeal bread, celery, oats (avena)
CELLULOSE from plant cell walls
ELEMENTI
lipidi --> C, O, H, P
proteine --> C, O, H, P, N
N --> ammoniaca
carboidrati --> C, O, H
C, O, H, P, N
NHS national health service
MS ministero della salute
1945
rickets very common