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Aryans, Harappans, Zhou, Qin, Han - Coggle Diagram
Aryans
Politics: Each Aryan tribe had its own king, which was called a raja. The raja would try to gain as much power as possible, for himself and the tribe.
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Environment: The Aryans settled in Northern India. They most likely originated from Turkestan, in the Caucasus mountain range, and traveled South-East to the Indus Basin.
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Innovation: The Aryans made many concepts as well as physical objects - they crafted axes and bows and arrows, showing they were militaristic. They also created a caste system (discussed in the Social section) and used iron for their metalwork.
Economy: The Aryans had a combination of Agricultural and Pastoral economy. They grew grains and crops and raised animals.
Culture: The Aryans created Hinduism from Harappan traditions mixed with their own. They had oral stories and accounts which became books called the Vedas, which were the foundations of Hinduism.
Social: The Aryans had a heavy caste system in their society, which most believe to have been based on skin color. There were five castes, of which the Aryan migrants were at the top, and the rest of the people were lower on the rank.
Harappans
Politics: Not much is known about Harappan politics. It is most likely that they had independent city-states, and possibly had merchant guilds that ruled them.
Innovation: The Harappans created dairy products like yogurt. They also created many rituals which were the beginning of Hinduism.
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Culture: The Harappans valued cleanliness and order in their society. They had a Dravidian language and enjoyed dance, art, and music.
Environment: The Harappans lived in modern Pakistan, right around the Indus river. This gave the land fertility and allowed them to farm crops.
Social: The Harappans most likely had a matrilineal system, and valued cleanliness and order.
Zhou
Politics: The Zhou dynasty allowed smaller Chinese city-states to rule themselves with individuals who worked for the ruler, to make it easier to rule.
Innovation: The Zhou dynasty enriched weaponry with ironworking, and created soybeans. They had a lot of trade as well.
Economy: The Zhou dynasty had an economy structured rigidly with peasants and merchants, all earning a set amount, with merchants being able to become rich, and peasants forced to toil hard.
Culture: The Zhou came up with the concept of the Mandate of Heaven, which meant the gods were in the favor of the rulers if life was good, and that the gods did not favor the rulers if disasters occured.
Environment: The Zhou dynasty was largely against the Pacific ocean, and did not extend very far inland. A small portion of it extended into the Gobi Desert.
Social: The Zhou had a patrilineal society which enforced very rigid gender roles. Women were expected to be submissive, while men took ownership and leadership.
Qin
Politics: The Qin were the first people to take over the entirety of China and unify all the states. amd were the first empire. They had a monarchical society, and their first king was called Qin Shi Huangdi.
Innovation: The Qin began the creation of the Great Wall of China, in order to defend from the "barbaric" tribes to the north that wished to invade the borders.
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Environment: The Qin ruled a large portion of the Pacific coast, and extended all the way to the beginning of the Gobi Desert, with one section in southern China not in their possesion.
Social: The Qin dynasty had a Legalist view, where they put the country in front of the people. It was considered one of the most terrible periods of Chinese history.
Han
Politics: The Han dynasty had the largest empire by far, stretching over almost all of modern day china. They were ruled by kings, the first of which was Wu Di
Innovation: The Han created the Silk Road, which allowed them to trade all across Europe.
Economy: The Han dynasty greatly improved China's trade, making it important even in European society. They created the Silk Road and traded silk and jades along all of Eurasia.
Culture: Women were highly disadvantaged in the society. Men were allowed to have many concubines. They exclusively had a patriarchal society, and ancestor worship was very important.
Environment: The Han empire stretched from the entire Pacific Coast, reaching down into Vietnam, all the way to the Xinjiang region, and ruled almost all of what is currently China.
Social: The Han dynasty had a much less harsh structure than the Qin's legalist way of thinking, and combined said Legalism with Confucianism.
