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Cell Diversity - Coggle Diagram

- - - - growth of large numbers of plants from small pieces of tissue or cells
      - steps
        
        callus put in different medium
        
        callus grows to young plant
        
        callus of cells grow
        
        carrot plant put in soil
        
        cells grown on suitable medium
        
        cells taken from carrot
      - Benefits
        
        large number of plants grown
        
        all genetically identical
        
        cheap
    - - take sample of someones skin and grow in petri dish
      - graft over scar or damaged skin
      - body wont reject as its their own skin
- - - - found in epidermis
        
        outer layer
        
        protection from water loss and infection
    - - found as xylem (water) and phloem (food)
      - for transport
    - - other cell types
      - for storage, structure, and metabolic functions
      - contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis
    - - cell dilution
  - - - make up heart walls
    - - protective membrane surrounding heart
    - - blood present
      - cartilage present
    - - controls heart beat
  - - - stomach
      - liver
      - pancreas
      - small intestine
    - - brain
      - spine
- - - - Layer that surrounds and protects the plant
      - Provides stability, structure,
      - Prevents water Loss
    - - Phloem transports food from the leaves to all other parts of the plant
      - Transports materials throughout the plant, continues hollow tube
      - Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals
        
        Xylem is made of 'straws' that can let water move through them. the water moves in a stream from the roots, up through the plant into the leaves and out tiny holes called the stomata
        
        this movement of water is called the transpiration stream
        
        transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the surface of the plant
    - - Other cell types in a plant
      - Used for storage, structure, metabolic reactions
      - contains lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis
- - - - Covers internal and external structures of the body
      - e.g. skin and stomach lining
      - for protection
    - - cells spread out in a matric (glue)
      - e.g. cartilage, blood, bone
      - supports, protects, gives structure
      - made up of two proteins; collagen & elastin
    - - moves the skeleton by contracting, 3 types
      - Voluntary - conscious, controlled movement e.g. walking
      - Involuntary - we don't chooses this movement e.g. breathing, digestion
      - Cardiac - heart
    - - made up of nerve cells called neurons
      - carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord