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Schizophrenia - Coggle Diagram
Schizophrenia
Differential Diagnosis
Substance-induced psychotic disorder
Mood disorders with psychotic features
Sleep-related disorders
Delusional disorder
Paranoid personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
Pervasive developmental disorder
Psychosis secondary to organic causes
Symptoms
Hallucinations
Disorganized thinking (speech)
Delusions
Negative symptoms
Extremely disorganized or abnormal motor behavior
Side Effect Management
Anticholinergic
Dry mouth; urinary retention; blurred vision; glaucoma; constipation
Anti-adrenergic
Sexual dysfunction; tachycardia; postural hypotension
Extrapyramidal
Parkinsonism
Acute dystonia
Tardive dyskinesia
Antihistaminic
Weight gain, sedation
Etiology
The gene neuregulin (NGR1), which is involved in glutamate signaling and brain development
has been implicated, alongside dysbindin (DTNBP1), which helps glutamate release, and catecholamine O-methyl transferase (COMT) polymorphism, which regulates dopamine function.
abnormalities in multiple neurotransmitters, such as dopaminergic, serotonergic, and alpha-adrenergic hyperactivity or glutaminergic and GABA hypoactivity.
Risk factors
maternal influenza in pregnancy, family history, childhood trauma, social isolation
birthing complications, the season of birth, severe maternal malnutrition
Epidemiology
affects approximately 1% of adults, whereas prevalence in the United States is 0.6 to 1.9%
Prognosis
dependent on several factors. Insidious onset, childhood or adolescent onset, poor premorbid adjustment, and cognitive impairment are indicative of a poor prognostic outcome
whereas acute onset, female sex, and living in a developed country signal comparatively better prognostic factors.
Treatment
treatment of acute psychosis
oral second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) such as aripiprazole, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, asenapine, lurasidone, sertindole, ziprasidone, brexpiprazole, molindone, iloperidone, etc
Pathophysiology
The neurochemical abnormality hypothesis argues that an imbalance of dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and GABA results in the psychiatric manifestations of the disease
Diagnosis
made exclusively after obtaining a full psychiatric history and excluding other causes of psychosis.
Definition
is a disorder in which psychotic symptoms are the main problem, and a dysregulation of dopamine signaling is the main feature of pathophysiology
Gathan Gufraan 1908260141 SGD 17